Phosphaalkene

Not to be confused with diphosphenes.

Phosphaalkenes (IUPAC name: alkylidenephosphanes) are organophosphorus compounds with double bonds between carbon and phosphorus(III) with the formula R₂C=PR. In the compound phosphorine one carbon atom in benzene is replaced by phosphorus. The reactivity of phosphaalkenes is often compared to that of alkenes and not to that of imines because the HOMO of phosphaalkenes is not the phosphorus lone pair (as in imines the amine lone pair) but the double bond. Therefore like alkenes, phosphaalkenes engage in Diels-Alder reactions and Wittig and Cope rearrangements.^{[citation needed]}

Ball-and-stick model of mesityldiphenylmethylenephosphine, a phosphaalkene

The first phosphaalkene discovered was a phosphabenzene, by Mërkl in 1969. The first localized phosphaalkene was reported in 1976 by Gerd Becker^[1] as a keto-enol tautomerism akin a Brook rearrangement:

Becker's method continues to see use in, e.g., a phosphorus analogue to poly(para-phenylene vinylene):^[2]

.

In 1976, Harold Kroto also established spectroscopically that thermolysis of Me₂PH generates CH₂=PMe. A general method for the synthesis of phosphaalkenes is by 1,2-elimination of suitable precursors, initiated thermally or by base such as DBU, DABCO or triethylamine:^[3]

The reduction or oxidation of phosphaalkenes can produce radical phosphorus ions.