Pine–oak forest

Pine–oak forest, pine–oak woodland, or oak–pine forest is a group of similar of ecosystems, primarily found in North and Central America. These areas are dominated by pine and oak trees. Under the Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems classification these are denoted as FRES 14.^[1] FRES14 includes the Kuchler system forest types of cedar–hemlock–Douglas-fir forest (K-2), Douglas-fir forest (K-11), California mixed evergreen forest (K-25), and Mosaic of cedar-hemlock-douglas-fir forest and Oregon oakwoods (K-24).^[1]

A pine–oak forest can be a stage in ecological succession between pine forests and oak forests.^[2] It can also be a long-term stable stage.^[3]

Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forest in Mexico, looking across Río San Ignacio [ceb; wikidata] from near the village of Guajurana [sh; sr; wikidata].

Examples include:

• Central American pine–oak forests
• Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
• Central Appalachian pine–oak rocky woodland
• Madrean pine–oak woodlands
• Mesoamerican pine–oak forests
• Pine-oak Forests, Puebla
• Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests
• Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests
• Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
• Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests
• Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests
• Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests
• Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests

See also

• Pine-oak plantations [uk; commons; wikidata], a botanical natural monument in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine
• Cronartium quercuum, the pine-oak gall rust
• Rhadinaea taeniata, the pine-oak snake
• Rhadinella lachrymans, the tearful pine-oak snake
• Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, formerly called Pine Oak Woods
  • Protectors of Pine Oak Woods, the organization protecting the above preserve
• SW 6th & Pine and SW 5th & Oak stations