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Puadh
Historic region in north India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Puadh (IAST: [puādha], sometimes anglicized as Poadh or Powadh[1]) is a historic region in north India that comprises parts of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and the U.T. of Chandigarh, India.[2] It has the Sutlej river in its north and covers the regions immediately south of the Ghaggar river. The people of the area are known as Puadhi and speak the Puadhi dialect of Punjabi. The capital cities of Puadh region are Rupnagar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Mohali, Patiala, Sangrur, Mansa (south east) Chandigarh, Nalagarh, Panchkula, Baddi, Ambala, Yamunanagar.
![Thumb](#/media/File:The_Punjab_("Five_Rivers");_a_physical_map_from_"Companion_Atlas_to_the_Gazeteer_of_The_World.jpeg)
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Status
Puadh lacks official recognition, unlike the three other major Punjabi regions of Majha, Doaba, and Malwa.[1][3][4][5] The government of Punjab does not list it as a region.[6] Part of this is due to Puadh being subsumed under Malwa due to the prevailing belief that everything south of the Sutlej river in Punjab is "Malwa".[1] This is despite Puadh being distinct from Malwa proper in both culture and language.[1] There is also a lack of a natural boundary separating Puadh from Malwa, such as a river.[2] Prior to the reorganization of Punjab in 1966, the region of Puadh fell under the Ambala district of present-day Haryana.[1] Formerly an under-developed region, the area is becoming more propserous due to its proximity to Chandigarh and is increasingly urbanized.[1] Charanjit Singh Channi was the first Puadhi chief minister of Punjab, with the rest being from Malwa and one from Majha.[1][2]
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Etymology
The word Puadh is a conjugation of two words of the language: pūrava meaning eastern and āddha meaning half.[7][1] The term refers to the eastern half of the Punjab region.[1]
Extent
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Perspective
Puadh generally lies between the Sutlej and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and south, south-east and east of Rupnagar district adjacent to Ambala district (in Haryana).[8] Specifically, it starts from the Ropar district of Punjab and spreads across various parts of Mohali, Fatehgarh Sahib, Sangrur, Malerkotla, Ludhiana, and Patiala, as well as Chandigarh.[1]
Punjab
The Puadh region in Punjab State consists of Ropar, Mohali, Kurali and Kharar of Mohali district, Amloh, Morinda and Sirhind of Fatehgarh Sahib district, Rajpura, Patiala city of Patiala district, part of Doraha and Samrala areas in Ludhiana district, Malerkotla, and eastern parts of Sangrur.[1]
In Punjab:
- Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District: Kurali, Mohali, Kharar;[9]
- Rupnagar district; Ropar; and Chamkaur Sahib; Morinda
- Fategarh Sahib district: Amloh[10], and Sirhind;[11]
- Ludhiana district: Pail[12] Doraha, [note 1] and Samrala;
- Patiala district: Rajpura and western part of Patiala district[14] including Patiala city.[15]
- Sangrur district: Malerkotla, Moonak and other eastern parts of Sangrur.[16]
- Mansa district: Bareta sub tehsil (Kulrian, Bahadurpur, Dialpura villages)
Haryana
In Haryana, Puadh consists of some parts of Ambala, Panchkula, Yamunanagar, and Kaithal districts.[1]
In Haryana, Pinjore,[17] Panchkula, Naraingarh, Kalka, Ambala, Shahabad, Karnal, and Yamunanagar districts fall within Puadh. Other areas include Jagadhri, Kalesar, Pehowa, and Gulha tehsil[18] of Kaithal district.
Uttar Pradesh
In the state of Uttar Pradesh it is spoken mainly in the Northern districts which border North Haryana districts and South Himachal Pradesh district. The districts where it is spoken are-
- Badshahibagh
- Behat
- Saharanpur
- Gangoh
- Deoband
Himachal Pradesh
In Himachal Pradesh, the Puadh areas are parts of Sirmaur and Solan districts.[1]
Nalagarh,[19] Baddi, Mahlog[20] (Solan district)[21] and Kala Amb[22] (Sirmaur district) in Himachal Pradesh lies in the east of Puadh, which separates the states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh falls within the Puadh region.[23] Chandigarh was carved out of the area of 22 Puadhi-speaking villages.[1]
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Culture and environment
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The region has its own culture, rituals, and language that differs it from other neighbouring regions.[1] The Puadhi dialect is spoken.[1] Organizations, such as the International Puadhi Manch, promotes the regional culture.[1] The region has green-cover and there are mango-orchards.[1] Farmers of the area grow wheat and sugarcane.[1] Furthermore, there are many nullahs and seasonal rivers that contribute to the greenness of the area.[1] A distinction between Puadhi and Malwai culture is the rural clothing, where in rural Malwa they wrap a chadara (sheet-type cloth) whilst in Puadh they wear kurta pyjama.[1] Furthermore, the manner of tying the turla-style turban differs between the two regions.[1] The region is religiously important for Sikhs, as both Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib fall in it.[24]
Puadh is often wrongly included in Malwa (Punjab) by the media.[25] The region had its own poets even at Akbar's court such as Mai Banno of Banur. More recent poets include Bhagat Asa Ram Baidwan of Sohana. The Dhadd Sarangi and Kavishri singing originated in Puadh and also different types of Akharas such as that of Rabbi Bhaironpuri. Puadh consists only a small quantity of Punjab. The Majha, Malwa (Punjab), and Doaba make up majority of the Punjab.
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Puadhi language
The dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in Puadh is called Puadhi. It is spoken by the people of Chandigarh, Baltana, Zirakpur, Rajpura, Ghanaur, and Devigarh region of Patiala district, Banur region, villages of Mohali, and some region of Ropar district in Punjab, southern villages of Sangrur (moonak), Mansa (Bareta sub tehsil) whereas in Haryana in villages of Ambala Fatehabad Tohana Nalagarh, Baddi and Panchkula districts people speak this language. Also, the region of Ismailabad and Shahbad of Kurukshetra speak this language, also a tehsil of Sadhaura of Yamunanagar district.
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Gallery
Sarai Lashkari (Doraha)
Guru Gobind Singh Bhawan. Punjabi University, Patiala
Statues made of waste Bangles at Rock Garden, Chandigarh
Morni Hills and Tikkar Taal, Haryana
Thaan (shrine) in Dera village Bakarpur, Mohali
Stupa Base, Sanghol (Fategarh Sahib district)
Ruins of Indus Valley Civilization, Punjab (Rupnagar)
Tomb of Shagird village Talania Sirhind
Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India
SD College, Ambala
Mandir in Pehowa, Haryana
Kalka–Shimla Railway
NSMK Institute of Advanced Studies, Malerkotla
View of city from the Palace Nalagarh Princely State
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See also
Notes
References
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