Post-romanticism

Post-romanticism or Postromanticism refers to a range of cultural endeavors and attitudes emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, after the period of Romanticism.

In literature

The period of post-romanticism in poetry is defined as the mid-to-late nineteenth century,^[1] but includes the much earlier poetry of Letitia Elizabeth Landon^[2] and Tennyson.^[3]

Notable post-romantic writers

• Herman Melville^[4]
• Thomas Carlyle^[4]
• Gustave Flaubert^[5]

In music

Post-romanticism in music refers to composers who wrote classical symphonies, operas, and songs in transitional style that constituted a blend of late romantic and early modernist musical languages. Arthur Berger described the mysticism of La Jeune France as post-Romanticism rather than neo-Romanticism.^[6]

Post-romantic composers created music that used traditional forms combined with advanced harmony. Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji created post-romantic nocturnes that used unconventional harmonic language and Béla Bartók, for example, "in such Strauss-influenced works as Duke Bluebeard's Castle", may be described as having still used "dissonance ['such intervals as fourths and sevenths'] in traditional forms of music for purposes of post-romantic expression, not simply always as an appeal to the primal art of sound".^[7]

Other notable post-romantic composers

• Richard Wagner^[8]
• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky^[8]
• Anton Bruckner^[8]
• Giacomo Puccini^[8]
• Richard Strauss^[8]
• Gustav Mahler^[8]
• Jean Sibelius^[8]
• Alexander Scriabin^[8]
• Sergei Rachmaninoff^[8]
• Modest Mussorgsky^[8]
• Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji^[8]