List of presidents of Peru

This is a list of those who have served as President of the Republic of Peru (head of state and head of government of Peru) from its establishment to the present. The office was established by the 1822 Constituent Congress, after the resignation of José de San Martín to his position as Protector of Peru and his subsequent departure from the country.

The first president was José de la Riva Agüero and the current officeholder is Dina Boluarte, the first woman to hold the position. In the history of the position, there has been a series of political crises, caudillos, barracks revolt, civil wars, death of the incumbent, coups d'état, parliamentary attempts to remove the presidency,^[1] one self-coup, and vacancies dictated by the congress. The list is based on the work of the historian Jorge Basadre, constitutions, laws, and decrees in each case.

Even though they were not presidents, the list includes the Libertadores San Martín and Simón Bolívar due to their historical relevance in the independence of Peru and its consolidation.

Presidents

Political parties:

Far-right:   Revolutionary Union (Unión Revolucionaria, UR)   Odriist National Union (Unión Nacional Odriista, UNO)

Right wing:   Civilista Party (Partido Civil, PC)   Fujimorism (Cambio 90/ Let's Go Neighbor)   Constitutional Party (Partido Constitucional)   Reformist Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Reformista)   Peruvian Democratic Movement (Movimiento Democrático Peruano, MDP)   National Democratic Front (Frente Democrático Nacional)

Centre-right:   Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio, PPK)

Centrist:   Popular Action (Acción Popular, AP)   Possible Peru (Perú Posible, PP)   Purple Party (Partido Morado, PM)

Centre-left:   Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata, PD)   Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano, APRA)

Left wing:   Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano, PNP)

Far-left:   Free Peru (Perú Libre, PL)

Others:   Independent   Military

UR (2)   PC (9)   C90/VV (1)   PC (4)   PDR (1)   MDP (2)   PPK (1)   AP (4)   PP (1)   PM (1)   PD (2)   APRA (2)   FDN (1)   PNP (1)   PL (1)   Ind. (6)   Military (16)
No.	Portrait	President (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Time in office	Party		Election	Vice President
			Took office	Left office
Protector of Perú (1821-1822)
—		José de San Martín (1778–1850) [2][a]	28 July 1821	20 September 1822	1 year, 54 days		Independent	—	None
Presidents of the Peruvian Republic (1822-1836)
—		José de La Mar (1776–1830) [2][b]	21 September 1822	28 February 1823	160 days		Independent	—[3]	None
1		José de la Riva Agüero (1783–1858) [2]	28 February 1823	23 June 1823	115 days		Military	—[c][4]	None
—		Francisco Valdivieso y Prada (1773-1829) [2][d]	23 June 1823	17 July 1823	24 days		Independent	—[5]	None
2		José Bernardo de Tagle (1779–1825) [2][e]	17 July 1823	10 February 1824	178 days		Military	—[c][7]	None
								1823[8]	Diego de Aliaga y Santa Cruz[9]
—		Simón Bolívar (1783–1830) [2][f]	10 February 1824	27 January 1827	2 years, 351 days		Independent	—[c][10]	None
—		Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865) [g][11]	28 January 1827	9 June 1827	132 days		Independent	—	None
3		José de La Mar (1776–1830) [2]	9 June 1827	5 June 1829	1 year, 362 days		Military	1827[12]	Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano
—		Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (1796–1878) [h][2]	6 June 1829	1 September 1829	87 days		Military	Coup d'état	None
4		Agustín Gamarra (1785–1841) [2]	7 June 1829	20 December 1833	4 years, 195 days		Military	—[13]	Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente
								1829[14]
5		Luis José de Orbegoso (1795–1847) [15]	21 December 1833	25 February 1835	1 year, 66 days		Military	1833[16]	None
—		Felipe Salaverry (1805–1836) [i][11]	25 February 1835	7 February 1836	347 days		Military	Coup d'état[17]	None
Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836-1839)
—		Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865) [j][11]	7 February 1836	15 August 1839	3 years, 189 days		Independent	—[18]	None
Presidents of the Peruvian Republic (1839-1980)
6		Agustín Gamarra (1785–1841) [19]	15 August 1839[20]	18 November 1841 (†)	2 years, 95 days		Military	Open Cabildo[21]	Manuel Menéndez (1840–1841) President of the Council of State Justo Figuerola (1840–1841) 1º Vice President of the Council of State Juan Francisco de Vidal (1840–1841) 2º Vice President of the Council of State
								—[22]
								1840[23]
7		Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847) [k][19]	18 November 1841	16 August 1842	271 days		Independent	—[24]	Justo Figuerola 1º Vice President of the Council of State Juan Francisco de Vidal 2º Vice President of the Council of State
—		Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (1808-1875) [l][19]	16 August 1842	20 October 1842	65 days		Military	Coup d'état	None
8		Juan Francisco de Vidal (1800–1863) [19]	20 October 1842	15 March 1843	146 days		Military	—[24][25][26]	None
—		Justo Figuerola (1771-1854) [m][19]	15 March 1843	27 March 1843	12 days		Independent	—[24]	None
—		Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (1806–1873) [n][19]	27 March 1843	17 June 1844	1 year, 82 days		Military	Coup d'état	None
—		Domingo Elías Carbajo (1805-1867) [o][19]	17 June 1844	10 August 1844	146 days		Independent	—	None
—		Justo Figuerola (1771-1854) [p][19]	10 August 1844	7 October 1844	146 days		Independent	—	None
10		Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847) [k][19]	7 October 1844	20 April 1845	195 days		Independent	—[27]	None
11		Ramón Castilla (1797–1867) [28]	20 April 1845	20 April 1851	6 years		Military	1845[29][30]	None
12		José Rufino Echenique (1808–1887) [28]	20 April 1851	5 January 1855	3 years, 260 days		Military	1851[31]	None
13		Ramón Castilla (1797–1867) [28]	5 January 1855	24 October 1862	7 years, 292 days		Military	Coup d'état[32]	Juan Manuel del Mar (1858-1862)
								1858[33]
14		Miguel de San Román (1802–1863) [28]	24 October 1862	3 April 1863 (†)	161 days		Military	1862	First Vice President Juan Antonio Pezet (1862-1863) Second Vice President Pedro Diez-Canseco (1862-1863)
15		Juan Antonio Pezet (1809–1879) [28]	5 August 1863	8 November 1865	2 years, 95 days		Military	—[q]	First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President Pedro Diez-Canseco (1862-1863)
16		Mariano Ignacio Prado (1825–1901) [r][28]	28 November 1865	7 January 1868	2 years, 40 days		Military	Coup d'état [34][35]	None
								1867[36]
17		Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho (1815–1893) [37]	7 January 1868	2 August 1868	208 days		Military	—[38][39]	None
18		José Balta (1814–1872) [37]	2 August 1868	22 July 1872	3 years, 355 days		Military	1868[40]	First Vice President Mariano Herencia-Zevallos (1868-1872) Second Vice President Francisco Diez-Canseco (1868-1872)
—		Tomás Gutiérrez (1817–1872) [s][37]	22 July 1872	26 July 1872	4 days		Military	Coup d'état	None
19		Mariano Herencia Zevallos (1820–1873) [37]	26 July 1872	2 August 1872	7 days		Civilista Party	—[41]	First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President Francisco Diez-Canseco (1872)
20		Manuel Pardo y Lavalle (1834–1878) [37]	2 August 1872	2 August 1876	4 years, 0 days		Civilista Party	1872[42]	First Vice President Manuel Costas Arce (1872-1876) Second Vice President Francisco Garmendia (1872-1873)
21		Mariano Ignacio Prado (1825–1901) [37]	2 August 1876	18 December 1879	3 years, 138 days		Civilista Party	1876[43]	First Vice President Luis La Puerta (1876-1879) Second Vice President José Canevaro (1876-1879)
22		Luis La Puerta (1811–1896) [37]	18 December 1879	23 December 1879	5 days		Military	—[q][44]	First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President José Canevaro (1879)
23		Nicolás de Piérola (1839–1913) [t][37]	23 December 1879	28 December 1881	2 years, 5 days		Independent	Open cabildo[45]	None
24		Francisco García Calderón (1834–1905) [46]	12 March 1881	6 November 1881	239 days		Independent	—[u]	First Vice President Lizardo Montero (1881) Second Vice President Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1881)
25		Lizardo Montero (1832–1905) [46]	6 November 1881	28 October 1883	1 year, 356 days		Civilista Party	—[q]	None
26		Miguel Iglesias (1830–1909) [46]	30 December 1882	3 December 1885	2 years, 338 days		Military	—[47][48]	None
—		Antonio Arenas (1808-1891) [v][46][49]	3 December 1885	3 June 1886	182 days		Independent	—[50][51]	None
27		Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923) [46][49]	3 June 1886	10 August 1890	4 years, 68 days		Constitutional Party	1886	First Vice President Remigio Morales Bermúdez (1895-1899) Second Vice President Aurelio Denegri (1895-1899)
28		Remigio Morales Bermúdez (1836–1894) [49]	10 August 1890	1 April 1894 (†)	3 years, 234 days		Constitutional Party	1890	First Vice President Pedro Alejandrino del Solar (1890-1894) Second Vice President Justiniano Borgoño (1890-1894)
29		Justiniano Borgoño (1836–1921) [52]	1 April 1894	10 August 1894	131 days		Constitutional Party	—[q]	None
30		Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923) [52]	10 August 1894	20 March 1895	222 days		Constitutional Party	1894	First Vice President César Canevaro (1894-1895) Second Vice President Cesáreo Chacaltana (1894-1895)
—		Manuel Candamo (1841–1904) [w][52]	20 March 1895	8 September 1895	172 days		Independent	—	None
31		Nicolás de Piérola (1839–1913) [52]	8 September 1895	8 September 1899	4 years		Democratic Party	1895	First Vice President Guillermo Billinghurst (1895-1899) Second Vice President Augusto Seminario (1895-1899)
32		Eduardo López de Romaña (1847–1912) [52]	8 September 1899	8 September 1903	4 years		Civilista Party	1899	First Vice President Isaac Alzamora (1899-1903) Second Vice President Federico Bresani (1899-1903)
33		Manuel Candamo (1841–1904) [52]	8 September 1903	7 May 1904 (†)	242 days		Civilista Party	1903	First Vice President Vacant Second Vice President Serapio Calderón (1903-1904)
34		Serapio Calderón (1843–1922) [52]	7 May 1904	24 September 1904	140 days		Civilista Party	—[q]	None
35		José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947) [53]	24 September 1904	24 September 1908	4 years		Civilista Party	1904	First Vice President José Cavero (1904-1908) Second Vice President Vacant
36		Augusto Leguía (1863–1932) [53]	24 September 1908	24 September 1912	4 years		Civilista Party	1908	First Vice President Eugenio Larrabure (1908-1912) Second Vice President Belisario Sosa (1908-1912)
37		Guillermo Billinghurst (1851–1915) [53]	24 September 1912	4 February 1914	1 year, 133 days		Democratic Party	1912	First Vice President Roberto Leguía (1912-1914) Second Vice President Miguel Echenique (1912-1914)
38		Óscar Benavides (1876–1945) [x][53]	4 February 1914	18 August 1915	1 year, 195 days		Military	Coup d'état [54]	None
39		José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947) [53]	18 August 1915	4 July 1919	3 years, 320 days		Civilista Party	1915	First Vice President Ricardo Bentín Sánchez (1915-1919) Second Vice President Melitón Carvajal (1915-1919)
40		Augusto Leguía (1863–1932) [53]	4 July 1919	25 August 1930	11 years, 52 days		Reformist Democratic Party	Coup d'état	First Vice President César Canevaro (1919-1920) Second Vice President Agustín de la Torre (1919-1920)
								1919
								1924
								1929
—		Manuel María Ponce (1874-1966) [y][55]	25 August 1930	27 August 1930	2 days		Military	—[56][57]	None
—		Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933) [y][55]	27 August 1930	1 March 1931	186 days		Military	Coup d'état	None
—		Ricardo Elías Arias (1874–1951) [z][55]	1 March 1931	5 March 1931	4 days		Independent	—[58]	None
—		Gustavo Jiménez Saldías (1886–1933) [aa][55]	5 March 1931	11 March 1931	6 days		Independent	—[59]	None
—		David Samanez Ocampo (1866–1947) [ab]	11 March 1931	8 December 1931	272 days		Democratic Party	—[60]	None
41		Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933) [55]	8 December 1931	30 April 1933 (†)	1 year, 143 days		Revolutionary Union	1931	None
42		Óscar Benavides (1876–1945) [61]	30 April 1933	8 December 1939	6 years, 222 days		Military	—[ac]	First Vice President Ernesto Montagne Markholz (1936-1939) Second Vice President Antonio Rodríguez (1936-1939)
43		Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1889–1967) [62][63]	8 December 1939	28 July 1945	5 years, 232 days		Peruvian Democratic Movement	1939	First Vice President Rafael Larco Herrera (1939-1945) Second Vice President Carlos Gibson (1939-1945)
44		José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1894–1989) [64]	28 July 1945	29 October 1948	3 years, 93 days		National Democratic Front	1945	First Vice President José Gálvez Barrenechea (1945-1948) Second Vice President Eduardo Ganoza (1945-1948)
—		Manuel Odría (1896–1974) [ad][65][66]	29 October 1948	1 June 1950	1 year, 215 days		Military	Coup d'état	First Vice President Zenón Noriega (1948-1950) Second Vice President None
—		Zenón Noriega (1889–1967) [ae][67]	1 June 1950	28 July 1950	57 days		Military	—[68]	None
45		Manuel Odría (1896–1974) [65][66]	28 July 1950	28 July 1956	6 years, 0 days		Odriist National Union	1950	First Vice President Héctor Boza (1950-1956) Second Vice President Federico Bolognesi (1950-1956)
46		Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1889–1967) [67]	28 July 1956	18 July 1962	5 years, 355 days		Peruvian Democratic Movement	1956	First Vice President Luis Gallo Porras (1956-1962) Second Vice President Carlos Moreyra (1956-1962)
47		Ricardo Pérez Godoy (1905–1982) [y][69]	18 July 1962	3 March 1963	228 days		Military	Coup d'état	First Vice President Nicolás Lindley López (1962-1963) Second Vice President None
48		Nicolás Lindley López (1908–1995) [y][70]	3 March 1963	28 July 1963	147 days		Military	—[af]	First Vice President Pedro Vargas Prada (1963) Second Vice President None
49		Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1912–2002) [71]	28 July 1963	3 October 1968	5 years, 67 days		Popular Action	1963	First Vice President Edgardo Seoane (1963-1968) Second Vice President Mario Polar Ugarteche (1963-1968)
50		Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910–1977) [ag][72][73]	3 October 1968	29 August 1975	6 years, 330 days		Military	Coup d'état	First Vice President Edgardo Mercado Jarrín (1968-1975) Second Vice President None
51		Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1921–2022) [ag][74]	30 August 1975	28 July 1980	4 years, 333 days		Military	Coup d'état	First Vice President Pedro Richter Prada (1975-1980) Second Vice President None
Presidents of the Republic of Peru (1980–present)
52		Fernando Belaúnde (1912–2002) [75][76]	28 July 1980	28 July 1985	5 years		Popular Action	1980	First Vice President Fernando Schwalb (1980-1985) Second Vice President Javier Alva Orlandini (1980-1985)
53		Alan García (1949–2019) [77]	28 July 1985	28 July 1990	5 years		Peruvian Aprista Party	1985	First Vice President Luis Alberto Sánchez (1985-1990) Second Vice President Luis Alva Castro (1985-1990)
54		Alberto Fujimori (1938–2024) [ah][ai]	28 July 1990	21 November 2000	10 years, 116 days		Change 90 (1990–1995) New Majority (1995-2000) Peru 2000 (2000)	1990	First Vice President Máximo San Román (1990–1992) Jaime Yoshiyama (1993-1995) Ricardo Márquez Flores (1995–2000) Francisco Tudela (2000) Second Vice President Carlos García y García (1990–1992) César Paredes Canto (1995–2000) Ricardo Márquez Flores (2000)
								Self-coup
								—[ac]
								1995
								2000
55		Valentín Paniagua (1936–2006)	22 November 2000	28 July 2001	248 days		Popular Action	—[aj]	None
56		Alejandro Toledo (b. 1946)	28 July 2001	28 July 2006	5 years		Possible Peru	2001	First Vice President Raúl Diez-Canseco (2001-2004) Second Vice President David Waisman (2001-2006)
57		Alan García (1949–2019)	28 July 2006	28 July 2011	5 years		Peruvian Aprista Party	2006	First Vice President Luis Giampietri (2006-2011) Second Vice President Lourdes Mendoza (2006-2011)
58		Ollanta Humala (b. 1962)	28 July 2011	28 July 2016	5 years		Peruvian Nationalist Party	2011	First Vice President Marisol Espinoza (2011-2012) Second Vice President Omar Chehade (2011-2016)
59		Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (b. 1938)	28 July 2016	23 March 2018	1 year, 238 days		Peruvians for Change	2016	First Vice President Martín Vizcarra (2016-2018) Second Vice President Mercedes Aráoz (2016-2018)
60		Martín Vizcarra (b. 1963)	23 March 2018	9 November 2020	2 years, 231 days		Independent	—[q]	First Vice President None Second Vice President Mercedes Aráoz (2018-2020)
61		Manuel Merino (b. 1961)	10 November 2020	15 November 2020	5 days		Popular Action	—[aj]	None
62		Francisco Sagasti (b. 1944)	17 November 2020	28 July 2021	253 days		Purple Party	—[aj]	None
63		Pedro Castillo (b. 1969)	28 July 2021	7 December 2022	1 year, 132 days		Free Peru	2021	First Vice President Dina Boluarte (2021-2022) Second Vice President None
64		Dina Boluarte (b. 1962)	7 December 2022	Incumbent	2 years, 234 days		Independent	—[q]	None

Timeline

Addendum

Those who are mentioned in the following list were sworn in as presidents of Peru, because of a political crisis, however, they never came to govern:^[80]

President (Birth–Death)			Term of office		Title	Form of entry	Vice President
			Start	End
		Máximo San Román (born 1946)	21 April 1992	6 January 1993[80]	Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru[81]	Constitutional succession (1º Vice President)	Carlos García y García
		Mercedes Aráoz (born 1961)	30 September 2019	1 October 2019[82][83]	Acting President[84]	Constitutional succession (2º Vice President)	None

See also

• President of Peru
• Vice President of Peru
• Prime Minister of Peru
• Constitution of Peru
• Politics of Peru
• Viceroyalty of Peru
• List of viceroys of Peru
• List of Peruvian coups d'état

Notes

1. As Protector of Peru
2. Supreme Governing Junta of Peru
3. Appointed
4. Interim Head of Government
5. José Bernardo de Tagle was appointed president by Antonio José de Sucre on 17 July 1823. This was then made official on August.^[6]
6. As Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Peruvian Republic
7. President of the Junta Government
8. Supreme Chief
9. As Supreme Head of the Republic
10. Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
11. As President of the Council of State of Peru
12. Supreme Chief
13. Provisional President
14. As Supreme Director of Peru
15. Supreme Chief
16. Provisional President
17. Succesion
18. As Provisional Supreme Chief from 1865 to 1867, as Provisional President in 1867, and as constitutional President of Peru from 1867 to 1868
19. As Supreme Leader of the Peruvian Republic
20. As Supreme Head of the Peruvian Republic until 8 July 1881
21. Congress of Chorrillos
22. President of the Provisional Government Junta
23. President of the Provisional Government Junta
24. As President of the Governing Board of Peru from 4 February 1914 to 15 May 1914, and as Provisional President of the Peruvian Republic from 15 May 1914 to 18 August 1915
25. As President of the Military Junta of the Government of Peru
26. President of the Provisional Junta
27. President of the Transitional Government Junta
28. President of the Government Junta
29. Appointed by Congress
30. President of the Military Junta of the Government of Peru
31. President of the Military Junta of the Government of Peru
32. Appointed by Military Junta
33. As President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru
34. De jure figurehead, de facto leadership by Vladimiro Montesinos^[78][79]
35. As President of the Government of Emergency and National Reconstruction of Peru between 22 April 1992 and 9 January 1993
36. Succeeded to the presidency as President of Congress