Red River waterdog

The Red River mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus louisianensis), also called Louisiana waterdog or Red River waterdog, is a subspecies of aquatic salamander in the family Proteidae.

Red River mudpuppy
Conservation status
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Urodela
Family:	Proteidae
Genus:	Necturus
Species:	N. maculosus
Binomial name
Necturus maculosus Viosca, 1938
Synonyms
Necturus louisianensis

Taxonomy

Most taxonomic authorities currently [when?] consider this salamander to be a subspecies of the common mudpuppy (N. maculosus): N. maculosus louisianensis, or the Red River mudpuppy. The Red River waterdog was proposed as a separate species from the common mudpuppy by Collins in 1991,^[1] but supporting data was lacking. Petranka (1998)^[2] and Crother (2017)^[3] both treated this fully aquatic salamander as a subspecies. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses conducted by Chabbaria et al. 2018,^[4] suggested two distinct lineages of N. maculosus in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River, and similar results were obtained from analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) samples from the upper Midwest, Great Lakes, and New England by Greenwald et al. 2020.^[5]

Geographic range

It is found in southeastern Kansas, southern Missouri, northeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and northcentral Louisiana. It lives only in the Red River and adjacent drainage systems.^[6]

Description

Differs in appearance from the common mudpuppy, which is gray to brown, with round blue-black spots. The Red River mudpuppy is light yellowish brown with a white stripe on either side of the middorsal area.^[6]

Diet and behavior

It eats mainly small underwater animals. Its feathery gills mean that it can breathe only underwater not on land. It and many other mudpuppies can still go on land, but not for a very long time. They go on land only if the water is too dirty so they can find cleaner water in another part of the river.