Tyrosinemia type II

Not to be confused with Hanhart syndrome.

Tyrosinemia type II is an autosomal recessive condition with onset between ages 2 and 4 years, when painful circumscribed calluses develop on the pressure points of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot.^[4]: 512

Tyrosinemia type II
Other names	Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia,[1] Richner-Hanhart syndrome[2][1]: 543
Tyrosine
Specialty	Dermatology
Symptoms	Palmar hyperkeratosis, Plantar Hyperkeratosis, hyperhidrosis, corneal opacity, corneal ulcers.
Causes	Genetic (autosomal recessive)[3]

Presentation

Palmar hyperkeratosis, Plantar Hyperkeratosis, hyperhidrosis, corneal opacity, corneal ulcers.

Pathophysiology

Type II tyrosinemia is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5), encoded by the gene TAT. Tyrosine aminotransferase is the first in a series of five enzymes that converts tyrosine to smaller molecules, which are excreted by the kidneys or used in reactions that produce energy. This form of the disorder can affect the eyes, skin, and mental development. Symptoms often begin in early childhood and include excessive tearing, abnormal sensitivity to light (photophobia), eye pain and redness, and painful skin lesions on the palms and soles. About half of individuals with type II tyrosinemia are also mentally disabled. Type II tyrosinemia occurs in fewer than 1 in 250,000 individuals.^[5]

Pathophysiology of metabolic disorders of tyrosine, resulting in elevated levels of tyrosine in blood.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made based on elevated plasma tyrosine level with skin or eye lesions.^{[citation needed]}

Treatment

Dietary restrictions of phenylalanine and tyrosine.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Palmoplantar keratoderma
• List of cutaneous conditions