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Onykia robusta
Species of cephalopod known as the robust clubhook squid From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Onykia robusta, also known as the robust clubhook squid and often cited by the older name Moroteuthis robusta,[3][4][5][6][7] is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Reaching a mantle length of 2 m (6.6 ft)[8] it is the largest member of its family and one of the largest of all cephalopods. The largest specimen with reliable catch data was found in the Bering Sea, a male with a total length of 3.72 m (12.2 ft) and weighing 41.73 kg (92.0 lb).[9] The tentacular clubs are slender, containing 15–18 club hooks. Arms of the species contain 50–60 suckers, and grow to 90–100% of the mantle length. It is found primarily in the boreal to Temperate Northern Pacific.
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Size
O. robusta can reach up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in mantle length. Nesis gave a maximum mantle length of 2.3 m (7.5 ft),[10] however Roper and Jereb wrote that "this might be in error";[11] it commonly grows up to 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in mantle length. If the tentacles are measured from the tip to the tip of the mantle, Glaubrecht, M. & M. A. Salcedo-Vargas provided the maximum estimated to be 4–6 m (13–20 ft) in overall length.[12] This species weight is up to 50 kg (110 lb).[13]
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Genetic diversity
O. robusta has a low genetic diversity, similar to the giant squid Architeuthis dux.[14]
Biology and History
Its eggs are quite small (reaching up to 1 mm (0.039 in)), According to Bolstad et al., 2018, the genus, Onykia is closely related to the genus Moroteuthopsis, and it forms a monophyletic group with it. Its closest relative, but however, seems to be O. cf. robsoni, that lives off the New Zealand coast. Kurita in 2018, which reports that the O. robusta is one of the largest known deep-living squids and which appears to have low genetic diversity, which is also to be found in the larger giant squid (Architeuthis dux), which indicates that the two of those large, deep pelagic squids may have a highly migratory pelagic[15]
According to Rosas-Luis et al. of 2014, the diet of Onykia species includes euphausiids when small, and fish, squid, chaetognaths, benthic fish, echinoderms and a pleustonic jellyfish, and they can be even cannibalistic. They are eaten by Sperm Whales, sharks and fur seals. They are occurred to be found near the ocean surface and in pelagic waters.[16][17][18]
Confusion with Architeuthis
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Some time before 1993, a large individual of O. robusta was photographed by Japanese diver Kubota H.[8] in shallow water off southern Japan.[19] In this image, the animal, which appears to be sick or dying, is shown with a diver, although the use of a wide-angle lens exaggerates its size.[19] A video of the same squid appears in a Japanese made-for-television film.[19] The image was published in the 1993 book European Seashells by Guido T. Poppe and Goto Yoshihiro, where it was identified as Architeuthis dux, the giant squid, and said to have been taken in the North Atlantic.[20][clarification needed] If true, this image would represent the earliest known photograph of a live giant squid.[19]
In The Search for the Giant Squid (1998), Richard Ellis wrote of this photograph:[19]
"For a moment, I thought that some obscure photograph had captured the most elusive image in natural history. Fortunately for those who have devoted their lives to searching for Architeuthis, this was only an aberration, a case of mistaken identity."
More than a decade later, the first photographs of a true live giant squid in the wild were taken, on September 30, 2004.[21]
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See also
References
External links
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