Achondrostoma oligolepis

Achondrostoma oligolepis, the ruivaco,^[3][1] is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces. Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This species is endemic to Portugal.

Achondrostoma
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Leuciscidae
Subfamily:	Leuciscinae
Genus:	Achondrostoma
Species:	A. oligolepis
Binomial name
Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, V. C. Almada & Kottelat, 2005)
Synonyms[2]
Leuciscus macrolepidotus Steindachner, 1866 Chondrostoma macrolepidotus (Steindachner, 1866) Chondrostoma oligolepis Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat, 2005

Taxonomy

Achondrostoma oligolepis was first formally described as Leuciscus macrolepidotus in 1866 by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner with its type locality given as creeks near Alcobazar and Cintra, Portugal. This name was, however, invalid as it was preoccuppied by Leuciscus macrolepidotus Ayres, 1854. in 2005 Joana Isabel Robalo, Ignacio Doadrio Villarejo, Vítor Carvalho Almada and Maurice Kottelat propsed the relacement name Chndrostoma oligolepis.^[2] It is now classified as a valid species in the genus Achondrostoma within the subfamily Leuciscinae of the family Leuciscidae.^[4] The genus was proposed in 2007 for three species which were split from Chondrostoma on the basis of genetic evidence.^[5]

Etymology

Achondrostoma oligolepis belongs to the genus Achondrostoma, this name places the prefix a-, meaning "without", in front of the genus name Chondrostoma, which is a combination of chondros, a word meaning "gristle" or "cartilage", with stoma, meaning "mouth". This is an allusion to the lack of the horny plates in the mouths of these fishes, which are present in Chondrostoma . The specific name, oligolepis, combines oligo, meaning few, and lepis, which means scale, a reference to the larger and, therefore, fewer scales.^[6]

Description

Achondrostoma oligolepis differs from other species in its genus by having between 30 and 38 scales in its lateral line; 3 or 4 scale rows are found between the lateral line and the origin of the pelvic fin; the caudal peduncle has 11 or 12 rows of scales around it; the diameter of the eye diameter is smaller than the length of the snout, which is rounded and obtuse; and the ventral profile of head has a marked angle at the articulation of the lower jaw. The ruivaca has a maximum total length of 25 cm (9.8 in), although 15 cm (5.9 in) is more typical.^[7]

Distribution and habitat

Achondrostoma oligolepis is endmeic to Portugal where it is found in the Âncora River system south to the Arnoia and Real rivers, both of which drain into the Óbidos coastal lagoon system to the north of Lisbon. The ruivaco is a habitat generalis and inhabits slow-moving, low-lying rivers and streams which have aquatic vegetation and substrates of sand or gravel.^[1]