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Sŏng Sammun
Joseon scholar-official (1418–1456) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sŏng Sammun (Korean: 성삼문; Hanja: 成三問; 1418 – 8 June 1456) was a scholar-official of the early Joseon period who rose to prominence in the court of King Sejong the Great (r. 1418–1450). He was executed after being implicated in a plot to dethrone King Sejo (r. 1455–1468) and restore his predecessor King Danjong (r. 1452–1455), and is known as one of the sayuksin (사육신, the six martyred ministers) with reference to this plot.
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Biography
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Sŏng was born in Hongseong (then Hongju), South Chungcheong Province to a yangban family of the Changnyeong Sŏng clan (창녕 성씨; 昌寧 成氏). He passed the lower examination at the regular triennial administration in 1438. He soon gained the favor of King Sejong, and was appointed to the Hall of Worthies. From 1442 to 1446, he cooperated with other members of that body to compose the Hunmin Jeongeum, in which the hangul alphabet was first presented to the world. The level of his involvement in the creation of the Korean alphabet Hangul (and that of other Hall of Worthies scholars) is disputed, although he and other scholars were sent on trips to consult with a Ming Chinese phoneticist several times, presumably because one of the first uses the new alphabet was put to was to transcribe the sounds of hanja, or Sino-Korean characters. In 1447, Sŏng achieved the highest score on the higher literary examination.
In 1455, Prince Suyang (one of Sejong's sons) forced the young King Danjong, his nephew, to abdicate, taking the throne instead as King Sejo. Following secret orders from his father Sŏng Sŭng, Sŏng Sammun along with Pak Chungnim, Pak P'aengnyŏn and others plotted to assassinate the new king and restore King Danjong to the throne. The plot was exposed and the plotters all arrested. Sammun and his father were executed along with other plotters. Before his execution, Sammun condemned the king as a pretender. The sayuksin and the saengyuksin (생육신, the six retainers who lived), who refused to accept King Sejo as the legitimate king, were praised by later generations for holding fast to the Confucian value of staying loyal to the true king.
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Poems for his loyalty
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He made several poems during imprisonment and before his execution. The following is his death poem.
擊鼓催人命 (격고최인명) -둥둥 북소리는 내 생명을 재촉하고,
回頭日欲斜 (회두일욕사) -머리를 돌여 보니 해는 서산으로 넘어 가려고 하는구나
黃泉無一店 (황천무일점) -황천으로 가는 길에는 주막조차 없다는데,
今夜宿誰家 (금야숙수가) -오늘밤은 뉘 집에서 잠을 자고 갈거나
As the sound of drum calls for my life,
I turn my head where the sun is about to set.
In the afterlife, there is not a single inn
This night, at whose house shall I rest ?
Another poem in prison written in sijo format[1]
Another poem (using 7 words in each line)[2]
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Family
- Father
- Sŏng Sŭng (성승; 成勝; ? – 8 June 1456)
- Mother
- Biological – Lady Pak of the Juksan Pak clan (죽산 박씨); Seong Seung's first wife
- Step – Lady Mi-chi (미치; 未致)
- Unnamed stepmother of commoner status
- Siblings
- Younger brother – Sŏng Sam-bing (성삼빙; 成三聘; ?–1456)
- Younger brother – Sŏng Sam-go (성삼고(成三顧; ?–1456)
- Younger brother – Sŏng Sam-sŏng (성삼성; 成三省; ?–1456)
- Younger half-sister – Sŏng Sŏng-gŭm (성성금; 成性今), Lady Seong
- Younger half-sister – Sŏng Ok-dong (성옥동; 成玉童), Lady Seong
- Wives and their children
- Lady Sin of the Ahju Sin clan (아주 신씨; 鵝洲 申氏) — no issue.
- Kim Ch'a-san (김차산; 金次山), Lady Kim of the Yonan Kim clan (연안 김씨; 延安 金氏)
- Son – Sŏng Maeng-ch'ŏm (성맹첨; 成孟瞻; ?–1456)
- Son – Sŏng Maeng-nyŏn (성맹년; ?–1456)
- Daughter – Sŏng Hyo-ok (성효옥), Lady Seong
- Daughter – Lady Sŏng (성씨; 成氏; 1439–1489)
- Daughter – Lady Sŏng (성씨; 成氏)
- Son – Sŏng Hŏn (성헌)
- Son – Sŏng T'aek (성택)
In popular culture
- Portrayed by Hyun Woo in the 2011 SBS TV series Deep Rooted Tree.
See also
References
External links
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