Sa Kaeo province

Sa Kaeo (Thai: สระแก้ว, pronounced [sàʔ kɛ̂ːw]) is one of the 76 provinces (changwat) and lies in eastern Thailand about 200 km from Bangkok. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Chanthaburi, Chachoengsao, Prachinburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Buriram. To the east it borders Banteay Meanchey and Battambang of Cambodia.

Sa Kaeo สระแก้ว
Province
(Clockwise from top left) Ban Klong Luk Border railway station next to Rong Kluea market, Prasat Sdok Kok Thom, Aerial view of Sakaeo Crown Prince Hospital, Boot shops in Rong Kluea market, Lalu
Flag Seal
Motto(s):  ชายแดนเบื้องบูรพา ป่างามน้ำตกสวย มากด้วยรอยอารยธรรมโบราณ ย่านการค้าไทย-เขมร ("The Eastern border. Beautiful forests and waterfalls. Rich in ancient history. The Thai-Khmer commercial area.")
Map of Thailand highlighting Sa Kaeo province
Country	Thailand
Capital	Sa Kaeo
Government
• Governor	Parinya Phothisat (since 2021)
Area [1]
• Total	6,831 km2 (2,637 sq mi)
• Rank	28th
Population  (2024)[2]
• Total	562,242
• Rank	45th
• Density	82/km2 (210/sq mi)
• Rank	61st
Human Achievement Index [3]
• HAI (2022)	0.6207 "low" Ranked 66th
GDP [4]
• Total	baht 45 billion (US$1.6 billion) (2019)
Time zone	UTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code	27xxx
Calling code	037
ISO 3166 code	TH-27
Website	sakaeo.go.th

Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization องค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดสระแก้ว
Provincial Administrative Organization
Government
• Type	Local administrative divisions
• Body	Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization
• President	Tarnis Thienthong
Website	sakaeopao.go.th

History

Sa Kaeo became a province in 1993, when the six districts Sa Kaeo, Khlong Hat, Wang Nam Yen, Aranyaprathet, Ta Phraya, and Watthana Nakhon of Prachinburi province were elevated to provincial status.^[5] It is thus one of the four newest provinces of Thailand, together with Amnat Charoen, Nong Bua Lamphu, and most recently, Bueng Kan.

The province is overwhelmingly Theravada Buddhist (99.4 percent).^[6]

In 1979 Sa Kaeo Refugee Camp was established northwest of Sa Kaeo town. It closed in 1989, but the legacy of the border clashes of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s is ever present. The largest land mine field in the world was planted along the Thai-Cambodia border according to some experts. Almost 4,000 people have been injured or killed by landmines in Thailand since the border battles—19 persons in 2017 alone. According to a survey conducted in 2001, 27 of Thailand's 76 provinces were plagued with land mines, impacting more than 530 communities and some 500,000 people. Thailand still has approximately 409 km² of mined area to clear scattered around the country. With an annual clearance rate of about one km² between 2011 and 2015 the problem will not soon disappear.^[7]

Sa Kaeo Sa Khwan

The name Sa Kaeo, literally 'crystal pond', refers to two ponds (Sa Kaeo Sa Khwan) containing water thought to be sacred once used for the coronation ceremony. The name of the province originated with this place, now the ponds lie inside a public park next to Mueang Sa Kaeo Municipality Office.^[8]

Geography

The north of the province is covered with the forested mountains of the Sankamphaeng Range and the Dangrek Mountains. The total forest area in 2021 is 1,506 km² (581 sq mi) or 22 percent of provincial area.^[9] To the south are the foothills of the Cardamom Mountains, which are mostly deforested.

National parks

There are two national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 1 (Prachinburi) of Thailand's protected areas.

• Pang Sida National Park, 844 km² (326 sq mi)^[10]: 41
• Ta Phraya National Park, 594 km² (229 sq mi)^[10]: 82

Symbols

The provincial seal shows the sun rising over archaeological ruins, Prasat Khao Noi Si Chompu, a significant Khmer temple.^[11] The rising sun symbolizes the location of the province in the east. In the front is a Buddha image in a pond with lotus flowers.^[12]

The provincial tree is Phyllanthus emblica. The provincial flower is the Orange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata). The provincial aquatic life is Leptobarbus hoevenii.

The provincial slogan is "Frontier of the east, beautiful forests, splendid waterfalls, ancient civilisations, Thai-Cambodian commerce".

Administrative divisions

Map of Sa Kaeo with 9 districts

Provincial government

Sa Kaeo is divided into nine districts (amphoe). The districts are further divided into 59 subdistricts (tambons) and 619 villages (mubans).

Mueang Sa Kaeo Khlong Hat Ta Phraya Wang Nam Yen Watthana Nakhon

Aranyaprathet Khao Chakan Khok Sung Wang Sombun

Local government

As of 26 November 2019 the province had one Provincial Administration Organisation (PAO) (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 16 municipalities (thesaban): Sa Kaeo, Aranyaprathet, and Wang Nam Yen had town (thesaban mueang) status, with a further 13 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon).^[13] (Non-municipal areas are administered by 49 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations (SAO) (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

Human achievement index 2022

Health	Education	Employment	Income
44	55	62	62
Housing	Family	Transport	Participation
5	49	75	44
Province Sa Kaeo, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6207 is "low", occupies place 66 in the ranking.

Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.^[3]

Rank	Classification
1 - 13	"high"
14 - 29	"somewhat high"
30 - 45	"average"
46 - 61	"somewhat low"
62 - 77	"low"

Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings