Line 1 (Shanghai Metro)

Line 1 is a north–south line of the Shanghai Metro. It runs from Fujin Road in the north, via Shanghai Railway Station to Xinzhuang in the south. The first line to open in the Shanghai Metro system, line 1 serves many important points in Shanghai, including People's Square and Xujiahui. Due to the large number of important locations served, this line is extremely busy, with a daily ridership of over 1,000,000 passengers.^[4] Generally, the line runs at grade beside the Shanghai–Hangzhou railway in the south, underground in the city center and elevated on the second deck of the North–South Elevated Road in the North. The line is colored red on system maps.

Line 1
AC06 trainset in November 2013
Overview
Other name(s)	R1 (planned name)
Native name	上海地铁1号线
Status	Operational; Extension to Chongming Island previously planned
Owner	Shentong Metro Line 1 Development Co., Ltd. (south of Shanghai Circus World); Shanghai Gonghexin Road Elevated Development Co., Ltd. (north of Shanghai Circus World)
Locale	Minhang, Xuhui, Huangpu, Jing'an, and Baoshan districts, Shanghai, China
Termini	Fujin Road Xinzhuang
Stations	28
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Shanghai Metro
Operator(s)	Shanghai No. 1 Metro Operation Co. Ltd.
Depot(s)	Fujin Road Yard Meilong Depot
Rolling stock	84 Class A 8 car trains
Daily ridership	1.507 million (2019 peak)[1]
History
Commenced	January 19, 1990; 35 years ago (1990-01-19)
Opened	May 28, 1993; 32 years ago (1993-05-28)
Last extension	December 29, 2007; 17 years ago (2007-12-29)
Technical
Line length	36.39 km (22.61 mi)[2]
Number of tracks	2
Character	Underground: Shanghai South Railway Station ↔ Wenshui Road At grade: Xinzhuang ↔ Jinjiang Park Elevated Wenshui Road ↔ Fujin Road
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	Overhead lines (1500 volts)
Operating speed	80 km/h (50 mph)[3] Average speed: 33.9 km/h (21 mph)
Signalling	CASCO
Route map Route on the Shanghai map: To scale geographic map: Line 1, Shanghai Metro This diagram: view talk edit Legend Direct link │ Re-entry only SPTC required │ Out of system China Rail │ Suburban Rail │ Metro Operational │ Planned or u/c Elevated │ At grade │ Under- ground Fujin Road Depot Fujin Road West Youyi Road Bao'an Highway Gongfu Xincun Yunzao River Hulan Road  18 (u/c)  18  (u/c) Tonghe Xincun Gongkang Road Pengpu Xincun Nanhe freight line Wenshui Road Shanghai Circus World  20 (planned)  20  (planned) Yanchang Road North Zhongshan Road  3  track sharing w/  4  CRH: HuSuTong / HuNing ICR CR: HuKun / JingHu │ Shanghai EMU Parking lot Shanghai Railway Station SHH  3   4  (shared)  13  Hanzhong Road  12   13   12  Suzhou Creek  13  Xinzha Road  8   2  Contact line to line 8 People's Square  2   8   8   14  Site of the First CPC National Congress · South Huangpi Road station  14   14   10  Middle Huaihai Road (on line 13)  13  South Shanxi Road  10   12   12  Changshu Road  7   7   10  Hengshan Road  11  Xujiahui  9   11   9   3  track sharing w/  4  Shanghai Indoor Stadium  4   4   11  Caoxi Road (on line 3)  3  Caobao Road  12   12  Shanghai South Railway Station Depot Shanghai South Railway Station SNH  3   15   Jinshan   15  Meilong Depot Jinjiang Park Lianhua Road Waihuanlu Xinzhuang XZH  5   Jinshan   5  (under reconstruction)   Jinshan │ CR: HuKun Jiamin line (u/c) Humin Road (planned)  Jiamin (u/c) Jiamin line (u/c)

History

The required investment for the project was US$620 million (including domestic supporting RMB investment). In August 1988 and May 1989, the program of loans to the Federal Republic of Germany, France and the United States was approved by the State Planning Commission.^[5]

• The Federal Government of Germany has a loan of 460 million marks, an annual interest rate of 0.75%, a committed rate of 0.25%, a repayment period of 30 years, and a grace period of 10 years.^[5]
• French mixed loan of 132 million francs, of which 54% of government soft loans, annual interest rate of 2%, loan repayment period of 19 years, grace period of 11 years; export credit 46%, annual interest rate of 8.3%, loan repayment period of 10 years, grace period of 22 month.^[5]
• The US loaned US$23.18 million, of which 45% were government grants and 55% were commercial loans. The annual interest rate fluctuates, the loan repayment period is 10 years, and the grace period is 5 years.^[5]

With the start of construction of the project, the cost has also increased. In August 1993, the budgetary estimate was adjusted to 3.974 billion yuan, of which domestic supporting funds increased by 1.086 billion yuan. In January 1995, the total budget was adjusted for the second time to 5.39 billion yuan, of which 3.961 billion yuan was domestic supporting funds.^[5]

• May 28, 1993 - The first 4.4 km (2.7 mi) long section of the line, from Xujiahui to Shanghai South Railway Station (formerly known as Xinlonghua), opens.
• April 10, 1995 - The entire 16.1 km (10.0 mi) long original line, from Shanghai Railway Station to Jinjiang Park, opens.
• December 28, 1996 - Separate southern section from Jinjiang Park (formerly known as Hongmei Road South) to Xinzhuang opens. Northern extension continues to operate to Shanghai Railway Station.
• July 1, 1997 - The northern and southern sections are connected, forming one complete line from Shanghai Railway Station - Xinzhuang.
• December 28, 2004 - Line runs from Gongfu Xincun - Xinzhuang after northern extension opens.
• December 29, 2007 - Second northern extension opens; full line runs from Fujin Road - Xinzhuang.

Shanghai Metro Line 1 opening history
Segment	Commencement	Opened	Length	Station(s)	Name	Investment
Jinjiang Park — Xujiahui	19 Jan 1990	28 May 1993	4.4 km (2.73 mi)	4	Initial phase (1st section)	¥5.39 billion[6]
Xujiahui — Shanghai Railway Station	19 Jan 1990	10 Apr 1995	11.7 km (7.27 mi)	8	Initial phase (2nd section)
Xinzhuang — Jinjiang Park	10 Dec 1994	28 Dec 1996	5.3 km (3.29 mi)	4	Southern extension	¥620 million[7]
Shanghai Railway Station — Gongfu Xincun		28 Dec 2004	12.4 km (7.71 mi)	9	1st Northern extension	¥4.62 billion[8]
Gongfu Xincun — Fujin Road		29 Dec 2007	4.3 km (2.67 mi)	3	2nd Northern extension	¥1.5339 billion[9]

Stations

Further information: List of Shanghai Metro stations

Service routes

Shanghai Metro Line 1 service routes
M - Mainline: Xinzhuang ↔ Fujin Road P - Partial Mainline: Xinzhuang ↔ Shanghai Railway Station (operates during working days off-peak hours)
Routes		Station name		Connections	Distance			Location	Open- ing	Plat- form[10]
M	P	English	Chinese		km		min
●	●	Xinzhuang	莘庄	5   Jinshan [i] XZH	0.00	0.00	0	Minhang	28 Dec 1996[11]	At-grade Side
●	●	Waihuanlu	外环路		1.31	1.31	3
●	●	Lianhua Road	莲花路		1.46	2.77	5		28 Dec 1996[ii]
●	●	Jinjiang Park	锦江乐园		1.63	4.40	8	Xuhui	10 April 1995[11][13]
●	●	Shanghai South Railway Station	上海南站	3   15   Jinshan  SNH	2.09	6.49	11		28 May 1993[iii]	Underground Island
●	●	Caobao Road	漕宝路	12	1.60	8.09	14		28 May 1993[14][13]
●	●	Shanghai Indoor Stadium	上海体育馆	4	1.57	9.66	16
●	●	Xujiahui	徐家汇	9   11	1.20	10.86	18
●	●	Hengshan Road	衡山路		1.58	12.44	21		10 April 1995[11][13]
●	●	Changshu Road	常熟路	7	1.09	13.53	23
●	●	South Shaanxi Road	陕西南路	10   12	0.93	14.46	24	Huangpu
●	●	Site of the First CPC National Congress · South Huangpi Road	一大会址·黄陂南路	14	1.32	15.78	26
●	●	People's Square	人民广场	2   8	1.57	17.35	29
●	●	Xinzha Road	新闸路		0.95	18.30	31
●	●	Hanzhong Road	汉中路	12   13	0.99	19.29	33	Jing'an
●	●	Shanghai Railway Station	上海火车站	3   4 [iv] SHH	0.82	20.11	35
●		North Zhongshan Road	中山北路		1.37	21.48	38		28 Dec 2004[11]
●		Yanchang Road	延长路		1.52	23.00	40
●		Shanghai Circus World	上海马戏城		0.93	23.93	42
●		Wenshui Road	汶水路		1.44	25.37	45			Elevated Side
●		Pengpu Xincun	彭浦新村		1.57	26.94	47
●		Gongkang Road	共康路		1.39	28.33	50
●		Tonghe Xincun	通河新村		1.44	29.77	53	Baoshan
●		Hulan Road	呼兰路		1.01	30.78	55
●		Gongfu Xincun	共富新村		1.75	32.53	58
●		Bao'an Highway	宝安公路		1.64	34.17	60		29 Dec 2007[11]
●		West Youyi Road	友谊西路		1.32	35.49	62
●		Fujin Road	富锦路		1.27	36.76	65			Elevated Side & Island
Xinzhuang station on the Jinshan line is currently under reconstruction. Expected reopening: 2024. Former station opened on 28 December 1996;[11] Renovated station opened on 25 June 2021.[12] Former station opened on 28 May 1993;[14][13] current station opened on 30 October 2004.[11] Virtual transfer with lines 3 and 4 – passengers who hold the Shanghai Public Transportation Card and transfer within 30 minutes of exiting the station are able to transfer to other lines without exiting the system.

Line 1 train running under the North–South Elevated Road.

Important stations

• Shanghai Railway Station - Connects the metro with the main railway station in the city, allowing rail transport to and from other provinces. Virtual Interchange with lines 3 and 4.
• People's Square - This station serves a business and shopping area, and is also close to multiple tourist attractions making the station busy all day long. Interchange with lines 2 and 8.
• Xujiahui - This is a business and commercial area, also with tourist attractions such as the Xujiahui Cathedral. Interchange with lines 9 and 11.
• Shanghai Indoor Stadium - This station is located at the sports stadium of the same name and the biggest regional and long-distance bus station in the city. Interchange with line 4.
• Shanghai South Railway Station - This station serves the second railway station of the city, which accommodates trains serving cities mainly to the south. Interchange with lines 3 and 15.
• Xinzhuang - The southern terminus of line 1; interchange with line 5.

Future expansion

West extension of line 1

A 1.2 km (0.75 mi) extension to Humin road (North Xinzhuang Station) has been approved as part of the National Development and Reform Commission has approved the 2018-2023 construction planning of the city's Metro network. Work is expected to begin before 2023 and will take 4 years at acost of US$518. The extension will connect to the under construction Jiamin line.^[15]

Headways

Shanghai Metro Line 1 headway[16]
Time		Xinzhuang - Shanghai Railway Station	Shanghai Railway Station - Fujin Road
Monday - Thursday
AM peak	7:00–9:00	About 2 min and 30 sec
Off-peak	9:00–17:00	About 4 min	About 6 min
PM peak	17:00–19:00	About 3 min
Other hours	Before 7:00 After 19:00	About 4 – 9 min
Friday
AM peak	7:00–9:00	2 min and 30 sec
Off-peak	9:00–14:30	About 4 min	About 6 min
PM peak	14:30–17:00	About 4 min
	17:00–19:00	About 3 min
Other hours	Before 7:00 After 21:00	About 4 - 9 min
Saturday and Sunday (Weekends)
Peak	9:00–20:00	About 4 min
Other hours	Before 9:00 After 20:00	About 6 - 12 min

Technology

Signalling

Trip in the Line 1.

As the first line in the system, Shanghai Metro was conceived and designed during 1980s, when fixed block signalling and track circuit based train control (TBTC) was still considered a state-of-art approach to automatic train operation. The signalling system was designed by CASCO, a signalling manufacturer owned jointly by China Railway Signal & Communication Group Corporation (CRSC) and General Railway Signal (GRS), and was largely based on the system designed by GRS for the Washington Metro.^[17] Coded audio-frequency (AF) track circuits are used for both train detection and transmission of speed commands, as well as limited train-to-wayside communication (TWC) for automatic train supervision (ATS). Train operation between stations and station stop can be automatic, while doors are controlled manually by train operators.^[18][19]

From 2013 to 2019, the system was completely renewed, with obsolete components such as relay interlockings replaced by modern microprocessor-based ones, but the general operation of the signaling system remained unchanged.^[20] As of 2020, the original design is expected to serve two additional decades.^[21]

Rolling Stock

In the summer of 2006 after poor cooling affected 16 DC01 trains on Line 1 in the summer, high temperatures inside the carriages had long been a problem, 96 ice cubes have been put into a one-meter-high waste container to alleviate the high temperature of the 16 DC trains on Line 1. In order to make up for the defects in the refrigeration power and design of the 16 DC trains, emergency measures must be taken whenever the temperature reaches 33 °C (91 °F) or more.^[22] With the transformation between 2006 and 2008 from 6 carriages to 8 carriages the air conditioners of the trains were improved and modernized, making ice waste containers a thing of the past.^[23]

The line was initially operated by trains built by the German Shanghai Metro Group which included Adtranz (now Bombardier) and Siemens together with AEG Westinghouse and Düwag.^[24]

All are Class A^[i] trains 8 cars in length.

Shanghai Metro Line 1 rolling stock
Fleet numbers	Manufacturer	Time of manufac- turing	Class	No of car	Assembly[ii]	Rolling stock	Number	Notes
88	ADtranz[iii] and Siemens CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd. (expansion cars and replacement cars)	1992-1994 2007-2008	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+Mp+M+Tc	01A01	101-110 and 114 (92011-92241, 93011-93361, 93382-93413, 94022-94053, 94071-94121, 94142-94173, 94202-94233, 14652 and 14663)	In 2008-2009 expanded DC01B trains by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive using the middle carriages of trainset 111-113, 115, and 116. 92113 wrecked at Tonghe Xincun station on March 24, 2004. In 2007 it was stripped and replaced by the new carriage built by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive.
40	ADtranz[iii] and Siemens CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd. (expansion cars and replacement cars)	1993-1994 2008-2009	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+Mp+M+Tc	01A02	111-113, 115 and 116 (93371, 93421, 93431, 93481, 94011, 94061, 94131, 94181, 94191, 94241 and 014352-014643)	In 2008-2009 expanded DC01C trains by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Trains are a combination of the Tc carriages of the original DC01 trains and the middle six carriages are newly produced by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive (30 newly produced carriages similar to 11A01). The trains are undergoing a major refurbishment in 2024 to keep them operational until 2037. Work is expected to be completed by November 2025. Trains will be removed and transported to CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive for renovation and rebuilt.
72		1998-2001 2011	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+Mp+M+Tc	01A03	117-125 (98011-98061, 99011-99481, 99502-99533, 00022-00053, 01742-01773, 01802-01833, 14672 and 14683)	99251 wrecked at Tonghe Xincun station on March 24, 2004. It was repaired and returned to service. 98033 and 98042 wrecked at Shanghai Railway Station station on December 22, 2009. In 2011, these were replaced by two new carriages of CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive. 98033 was stored at Meilong Depot. 98042 was converted to the SMTC Experimental Car by CRRC Dalian R&D. Trainset 118-125 are an extension of the original AC01A trains by adding two newly produced by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Tc carriages to six old middle AC01 carriages (using the 48 middle carriages from AC01).
96		1998-2001 2006-2008	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+M+Mp+M+Mp+Tc	01A04	126-137 (99491, 99541, 00011, 00061, 01251, 01301, 01311, 01361, 01371, 01421, 01431, 01481, 01491, 01541, 01551, 01601, 01611, 01661, 01671, 01721, 01731, 01781, 01791, 01841 and 013631-014342)	In 2008-2009 expanded AC01B trains by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive. Trains are a combination of the Tc carriages of the original AC01 and six CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive carriages (42 newly produced carriages similar to 04A01). The Tc carriages of trainset 130-137 were returned from line 2 (AC02, trainset 217-224).
128	Even numbers: SATCO[iv] (and 0155) Odd numbers CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd. (and 0140)[25]	2006-2007	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+M+Mp+Tc	01A05	0140-0155 (012351-013621)	013151 wrecked at Shanghai Railway Station station on December 22, 2009. It was repaired and returned to service.
88	CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd.	2016-2018	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+M+Mp+Tc	01A06	0156-0166 (014681-015551)
160		2017-2019	A[i]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+M+Mp+Tc	01A07	01067-01086 (015561-017151)
Class A carriage: 21-24m in length, 3.0m in width and 3.8m in height; Capacity: about 310 people. Tc: Trailer with cab; Mp: EMU with pantograph; M: EMU without pantograph. ADtranz was acquired by Bombardier in May 2001. Subsequently, in January 2021 it was acquired by Alstom. SATCO (Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd.) is a joint venture between Alstom Metropolis and Shanghai Electric.

Future Rolling Stock

Shanghai Metro Line 1 future rolling stock
Fleet numbers	Manufacturer	Time of manufac- turing	Class	No of car	Assembly[i]	Rolling stock	Number	Notes
48	CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd.	2027-2028	A[ii]	8	Tc+Mp+M+Mp+M+M+Mp+Tc	01A08	TBA	Used for replace all 01A01 trains.
Tc: Trailer with cab; Mp: EMU with pantograph; M: EMU without pantograph. Class A carriage: 21-24m in length, 3.0m in width and 3.8m in height; Capacity: about 310 people.

• 
  01A01 train
• 
  01A02 train
• 
  01A03 train
• 
  01A04 train
• 
  01A05 train
• 
  01A06 train
• 
  01A07 train