Solar System belts
Solar System belts of asteroids and comets From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar System belts are asteroid and comet belts that orbit the Sun in the Solar System in interplanetary space.[1][2] The Solar System belts' size and placement are mostly a result of the Solar System having four giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune far from the sun. The giant planets must be in the correct place, not too close or too far from the sun for a system to have Solar System belts.[3][4][5]
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Sun Jupiter trojans Orbits of planets |
Asteroid belt Hilda asteroids (Hildas) Near-Earth objects (selection) |
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Sun Jupiter trojans Giant planets: Centaurs |
Neptune trojans Resonant Kuiper belt Classical Kuiper belt Scattered disc |
Formation
The Solar System belts were formed in the formation and evolution of the Solar System.[6][7] The Grand tack hypothesis is a model of the unique placement of the giant planets and the Solar System belts.[3][4][8] Most giant planets found outside our Solar System, exoplanets, are inside the snow line, and are called Hot Jupiters.[5][9] Thus in normal planetary systems giant planets form beyond snow line and then migrated towards the star. A small percent of giant planets migrate far from the star. In both types of migrations, the Solar System belts are lost in these planetary migrations. The Grand tack hypothesis explains how in the Solar System giant planets migrated in unique way to form the Solar System belts and near circular orbit of planets around the Sun.[10][11][9] The Solar System's belts are one key parameters for a Solar System that can support complex life, as circular orbits are a parameter needed for the Habitable zone for complex life.[12][13] [14][15]
Solar System belts
The asteroid and comet belts orbit the Sun from the inner rocky planets into outer parts of the Solar System, interstellar space.[16][17][18] An astronomical unit, or AU, is the distance from Earth to the Sun, which is approximately 150 billion meters (93 million miles).[19] Small Solar System objects are classified by their orbits:[20][21]
- Main Asteroid belt (main belt), between Mars and Jupiter, in near circular orbit, 2.2 to 3.2 AU
- Hungaria asteroids, small group, 1.78 to 2.00 AU
- Alinda asteroids, small group, 2.5 AU in elliptical orbits
- Hilda asteroid small group just inside Jupiter, 4.0 AU
- Kuiper belt large belt, 43 to 64.5 AU
- Scattered disc small group, 21.5 to 215 AU
- Sednoid (inner Oort cloud objects) small group of four or more, high elliptical orbits, 47.8 to 80 AU
- Extreme trans-Neptunian objects 150 to 250 AU
- Hills cloud a large hypothetical circumstellar disc
Planets
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Solar System planets and dwarf planets listed for distances comparison to belts. The Solar System planets all orbit in near circular orbits.[22][23][24]
Planets:
- Mercury 0.39 AU
- Venus 0.72 AU
- Earth 1 AU
- Mars 1.52 AU
- Jupiter 5.2 AU
- Saturn 9.54 AU
- Uranus 19.2 AU
- Neptune 30.06 AU
Dwarf planets:
Dwarf planets, other than Ceres, are plutoids that have elliptical orbits:[25][26][27]
- Ceres, 2.8 AU in the asteroid belt
- Orcus 39.4 AU, Trans-Neptunian-Kuiper belt object
- Pluto 39 AU, Kuiper belt (a planet until 2006)
- Haumea 43 AU, Kuiper belt
- Makemake 45.8 AU, Kuiper belt
- Eris 95.6 AU, Kuiper belt
- Gonggong Scattered disc object, 34 to 101 AU
- Quaoar Kuiper belt object, 41.9 to 45.4 AU
- Sedna 76 to 506 AU
See also
References
External links
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