Soyuz TM-14

Soyuz TM-14 was the 14th expedition to the Mir space station.^[1] It included an astronaut from Germany, and was the first Russian Soyuz mission after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Soyuz TM-14

Operator	Rosaviakosmos
COSPAR ID	1992-014A
SATCAT no.	21908
Mission duration	145 days, 14 hours, 10 minutes, 32 seconds
Orbits completed	~2,280
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Soyuz 7K-STM No. 64
Spacecraft type	Soyuz-TM
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Aleksandr Viktorenko Aleksandr Kaleri
Launching	Klaus-Dietrich Flade
Landing	Michel Tognini
Callsign	Ви́тязь (Vityaz' – Knight)
Start of mission
Launch date	17 March 1992, 10:54:30 (1992-03-17UTC10:54:30Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U2
End of mission
Landing date	10 August 1992, 01:05:02 (1992-08-10UTC01:05:03Z) UTC
Landing site	136 kilometres (85 mi) SE of Dzhezkazgan
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	373 kilometres (232 mi)
Apogee altitude	394 kilometres (245 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	92.2 minutes
Docking with Mir
Docking date	19 March 1992, 12:32:50 UTC
Undocking date	9 August 1992, 21:46:47 UTC
Soyuz programme (Crewed missions) ← Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-15 →

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Aleksandr Viktorenko Third spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Aleksandr Kaleri First spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Klaus-Dietrich Flade First spaceflight	Michel Tognini First spaceflight

Mission highlights

Klaus Dietrich Flade became the second German to visit a space station when he reached Mir with the Vityaz crew. The first was Sigmund Jähn of East Germany, who visited Salyut 6 in 1978. Flade conducted 14 German experiments as part of Germany's preparation for participation in the Freedom and Columbus space station projects.

Suffered a landing system malfunction, causing its descent module to turn over. It came to rest upside down, trapping its occupants inside until it could be righted.