Spiritualism (philosophy)

Not to be confused with Spirituality.

This article is about the philosophical position. For other uses of spiritualism, see Spiritualism (disambiguation).

In philosophy, spiritualism^[a] is the concept, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.^[3] This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.^[3]

Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter.^[3][4] Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.^[4]

Notable spiritualist thinkers

• Aristotle^[3]
• Henri Bergson^[3]
• Maine de Biran^[5]
• F. H. Bradley^[3]
• Émile Boutroux^[1]
• Victor Cousin^[6]
• René Descartes^[3]
• Giovanni Gentile^[3]
• William Ernest Hocking^[3]
• Jules Lachelier^[1][7]
  Lebensphilosophie (French school)^[8]
• Louis Lavelle^[3]
• René Le Senne^[3]
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz^[3]
• Pindar^[3]
• Plato^[3]
• Josiah Royce^[3]

See also

• Metaphysics
• Sensualism
• Spiritualism (religious movement)
• Spiritualism (Wallace)

Notes

1. Also neo-spiritualism,^[1] spiritual realism^[1] or French idealism^[2] in the context of late modern French philosophy