Streptococcus anginosus group

The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG), also known as the anginosus group streptococci (AGS) or the milleri group streptococci (MGS), are a group of several species of streptococci with clinical similarities. The group is named after a principal member species, Streptococcus anginosus. The older name Streptococcus milleri (as well as Streptococcus milleri group, SMG) is now pseudotaxonomic, as the idea that these streptococci constituted a single species was incorrect. The anginosus group streptococci are members of the viridans streptococci group.^[1] They have been implicated as etiologic agents in a variety of serious purulent infections, but because of their heterogeneous characteristics, these organisms may be unrecognized or misidentified by clinical laboratorians.^[2] The unique characteristic of them from other pathogenic streptococci, such as S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae, is their ability to cause abscesses.^[3][4]

Streptococcus milleri
Cultures of Streptococcus anginosus on blood agar
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Lactobacillales
Family:	Streptococcaceae
Genus:	Streptococcus

Species

Members include:^[2]

• Streptococcus anginosus
• Streptococcus constellatus
  • S. constellatus subsp. constellatus
  • S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis
• Streptococcus intermedius

Nomenclature

These nonhemolytic viridans streptococci were first described by Guthof in 1956 after he isolated them from dental abscesses. He named these organisms Streptococcus milleri in honor of the microbiologist W. D. Miller.^[5][6]

Occurrence

The organisms were subsequently recognized as normal flora of the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract with the ability to cause abscesses and systemic infections.^[7]