Sudan

Sudan,^{[lower-alpha 3]} officially the Republic of the Sudan,^{[lower-alpha 4]} is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 50 million people as of 2024^[21] and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the secession of South Sudan in 2011;^[22] since then both titles have been held by Algeria. Sudan's capital and most populous city is Khartoum.

"Sudanese Republic" redirects here. For other uses, see Sudan (disambiguation).

This article is about the country. Not to be confused with South Sudan, Sudan (region), or The Sudans.

Republic of the Sudan جمهورية السودان (Arabic) Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān
Flag Emblem
Motto: النصر لنا an-Naṣr lanā "Victory is ours"
Anthem: نحن جند اللّٰه، جند الوطن Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan "We are Soldiers of God, Soldiers of the Homeland"
Sudan displayed in dark green colour, claimed territories not administered in light green
Capital and largest city	Khartoum
Capital-in-exile	Port Sudan[lower-alpha 1]
Official languages	Arabic English
Ethnic groups	70% Sudanese Arab[2] 5.9% Beja[3] 2.5% Nuba[4] 2% Fur[5] 2% Egyptian[6] 1.3% Nubian[lower-alpha 2] 16.3% others[12]
Religion (2020)[13]	97% Sunni Islam[14] 1.5% Christianity 1.5% Traditional Faiths 0.9% others
Demonym(s)	Sudanese
Government	Federal republic under a military junta[15][16]
• Transitional Sovereignty Council	Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman) Malik Agar (Deputy chairman)
• Prime Minister	Osman Hussein (acting)
Legislature	Vacant
Formation
• Kingdom of Kerma	2500 BC
• Kingdom of Kush	1070 BC
• Makuria, Nobatia, and Alodia	c. 350
• Tunjur, Funj , and Darfur Sultanates	c. 1500
• Turco-Egyptian Sudan	1820
• Mahdist State	1885
• Anglo-Egyptian Condominium	1899
• Independence	1 January 1956
• Democratic Republic of the Sudan	25 May 1969
• Republic of the Sudan (1985–2019)	6 April 1985
• Secession of South Sudan	9 July 2011
• Sudanese Revolution	19 December 2018
• 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration effective	20 August 2019
Area
• Total	1,886,068 km2 (728,215 sq mi) (15th)
Population
• 2024 estimate	50,467,278[17] (30th)
• Density	21.3/km2 (55.2/sq mi) (202nd)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$172.651 billion[18] (71st)
• Per capita	$3,604[18] (151st)
GDP (nominal)	2023 estimate
• Total	$25.569 billion[18] (96th)
• Per capita	$533[18] (171st)
Gini (2014)	34.2[19] medium inequality
HDI (2022)	0.516[20] low (170th)
Currency	Sudanese pound (SDG)
Time zone	UTC+2 (CAT)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Drives on	right
Calling code	+249
ISO 3166 code	SD
Internet TLD	.sd سودان.<