Synadenos

Synadenos (Greek: Συναδηνός), feminine form Synadene (Συναδηνή), was the name of a middle and late Byzantine aristocratic family, hailing from Synnada in Phrygia, in the Anatolic Theme.

History

The family name is attested in the 9th/10th century seal, but the first known family member is Philetos Synadenos, krites of Tarsus ca. 1000/6. During the 11th and 12th centuries, several family members appear as military commanders, connected to the great aristocratic families of Botaneiates and Komnenos; thus Basil Synadenos was governor of Dyrrhachium in the 1040s, a member of the family, daughter of commander Theodoulos Synadenos, was given as wife to the Hungarian king Géza I by her maternal uncle Nikephoros III Botaneiates, Irene Diplosynadene (meaning that both her parents hailed from the Synadenos family)^[1] was the first wife of Isaac Komnenos (son of John II), and Andronikos Synadenos was governor of several provinces under Manuel I Komnenos, including Cyprus.

In the Empire of Nicaea, the Synadenoi were members of the aristocratic opposition to the ruling Laskaris dynasty. The family reached is peak under the Palaiologan emperors in the late 13th and first half of the 14th century: John Synadenos married Theodora Palaiologina, the niece of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, and served as megas stratopedarches, and his sons John and Theodore likewise held senior military commands. The elder John and Theodora also founded the Convent of Bebaia Elpis, and commissioned a splendidly illustrated typikon, with portraits of the family's members. At this time, the Synadenoi intermarried with two other prominent aristocratic families, the Asen and the Raoul.