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Tacanan languages
Language family of Bolivia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tacanan is a family of languages spoken in Bolivia, with Ese’ejja also spoken in Peru. It may be related to the Panoan languages. Many of the languages are endangered.
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Family division
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Toromono may be extinct. Another possibly extinct Tacanan language is Mabenaro; Arasa has been classified as Tacanan, but appears to have more in common with Panoan.
Loukotka (1968)
Below is a full list of Tacanan language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[1]
- Tacana - language with many relationships with the Arawak and Pano languages, spoken on the Beni River, Tuichi River, and Tequeje River, territory of Colonia, Bolivia; now spoken by only a few families. Dialects are:
- Tumupasa / Maracáni - spoken on the Uchipiamona River in the same region.
- Isiama / Ydiama - spoken on the Unduma River and around Ydiama.
- Araona - spoken on the Madre de Dios River and Manuripi River in Colonia, Bolivia
- Capechene / Capaheni - unknown language spoken on the Xapuri River and Rosiano River, Acre territory, Brazil. (Unattested.)
- Sapiboca - extinct language once spoken at the old mission of Reyes, Beni province, Bolivia.
- Chirigua / Shiribá - extinct language once spoken at the old mission of Santa Buenaventura, Beni. (Unattested.)
- Guarizo - extinct language once spoken at the old missions of Reyes and San Antonio de Isiama.
- Maropa - spoken in the vicinity of Lake Rogoaguado, Beni, now probably extinct.
- Guacanahua / Chama / Ese'ejja - spoken by a small tribe on the Madidi River and Undumo River, La Paz province, Bolivia.
- Mabenaro - spoken on the Manuripi River.
- Caviña / Cavineña - once spoken on the Cavinas River, Madidi River, and Beni River, now probably extinct.
- Toromona - once spoken between the Madidi River, Beni River, and Madre de Dios River, now perhaps extinct.
- Arasa - language spoken by the greater part of the Arazaire tribe (of Pano stock) on the Marcopata River and Arasa River.
- Tiatinagua / Mohino / Chuncho / Huarayo / Baguaja / Tambopata-Guarayo / Echoja - spoken by a tribe on the Peru-Bolivia border, on the Tambopata River.
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Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kayuvava, Tupi, and Arawak language families due to contact.[2]
Vocabulary
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Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Tacanan languages.[1]
Sample vocabulary of four Tacanan languages, along with Proto-Panoan for comparison, from Nikulin (2019):[3]
Verbal morphology
Associated motion
Tacanan languages, in particular Cavineña and Ese Ejja, have among the richest associated motion systems in the world's languages.[4]
Further reading
- Girard, Victor (1971). Proto-Takanan Phonology (University of California Publications in Linguistics, 70.) Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Notes
References
External links
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