Third government of Felipe González

1989–1993 government of Spain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Third government of Felipe González

The third government of Felipe González was formed on 7 December 1989, following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 5 December and his swearing-in on 6 December, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1989 Spanish general election.[1][2] It succeeded the second González government and was the Government of Spain from 7 December 1989 to 14 July 1993, a total of 1,315 days, or 3 years, 7 months and 7 days.

Quick Facts 3rd government of Felipe González, Date formed ...
3rd government of Felipe González

Government of Spain
1989–1993
Thumb
The government in March 1991.
Date formed7 December 1989
Date dissolved14 July 1993
People and organisations
MonarchJuan Carlos I
Prime MinisterFelipe González
Deputy Prime MinisterAlfonso Guerra (1989–1991)
Narcís Serra (1991–1993)
No. of ministers18[a] (1989–1991)
17[a] (1991–1993)
Total no. of members28[a]
Member party  PSOE[b]
Status in legislatureMinority government[c]
Opposition party  PP
Opposition leaderJosé María Aznar
History
Election1989 general election
Outgoing election1993 general election
Legislature term4th Cortes Generales
Budget1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
PredecessorGonzález II
SuccessorGonzález IV
Close

González formed a continuity government, maintaining the same composition of the preceding cabinet as established in 1988.[3][4][5] This came as a consequence of the pending legal challenges on election results in some constituencies sparking an apparent "provisionality feeling" on the new government,[6][7] a situation which had already led to an unprecedented investiture session with 18 deputies being prevented by judicial courts from taking their offices.[8] The government included two members of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)—initially Narcís Serra, later joined by Jordi Solé Tura—and four independents (Claudio Aranzadi, Jorge Semprún and Rosa Conde—who would end up joining the PSOE in November 1990[9]—as well as Pedro Solbes from March 1991).[10]

The government was automatically dismissed on 7 June 1993 as a consequence of the 1993 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.[11][12][13]

Investiture

More information Ballot →, 5 December 1989 ...
Investiture
Felipe González (PSOE)
Ballot → 5 December 1989
Required majority → 167 out of 332 checkY
Yes
167 / 332
No
  • PP (99)
  • CiU (18)
  • IUIC (17)
  • CDS (13)
  • PA (2)
  • UV (2)
  • EA (2)
  • EE (2)
155 / 332
Abstentions
6 / 332
Absentees
  • HB (4)
4 / 332
Sources[2][14]
Close

Cabinet changes

Summarize
Perspective

González's third government saw a number of cabinet changes during its tenure:

Council of Ministers

Summarize
Perspective

The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the deputy prime minister and 17 ministries, including the ministry for the spokesperson of the Government.[42] The number of ministries was reduced to 16 after the Transport, Tourism and Communications portfolio was split and merged into the Public Works and Urbanism and Industry and Energy ministries in March 1991.[43] The office of the deputy prime minister was left vacant from January to March 1991.[44]

More information Portfolio, Name ...
González III Government
(7 December 1989 – 14 July 1993)
Portfolio Name Party Took office Left office Ref.
Prime Minister Felipe González PSOE 6 December 1989 13 July 1993 [45]
Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso Guerra PSOE 7 December 1989 14 January 1991 [46]
Minister of Foreign Affairs Francisco Fernández Ordóñez PSOE 7 December 1989 16 June 1992 [47]
Minister of Justice Enrique Múgica PSOE 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Defence Narcís Serra PSOE (PSC) 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Economy and Finance Carlos Solchaga PSOE 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 [47]
Minister of the Interior José Luis Corcuera PSOE 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 [47]
Minister of Public Works and Urbanism Javier Sáenz de Cosculluela PSOE 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Education and Science Javier Solana PSOE 7 December 1989 24 June 1992 [47]
Minister of Labour and Social Security Manuel Chaves PSOE 7 December 1989 2 May 1990 [47]
Minister of Industry and Energy Claudio Aranzadi PSOE (Ind.) 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Carlos Romero PSOE 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister for Public Administrations Joaquín Almunia PSOE 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Transport, Tourism and Communications José Barrionuevo PSOE 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Culture Jorge Semprún PSOE (Ind.) 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs Julián García Vargas PSOE 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 [47]
Minister of Relations with the Cortes and the Government Secretariat Virgilio Zapatero PSOE 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 [47]
Minister of Social Affairs Matilde Fernández PSOE 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 [47]
Spokesperson Minister of the Government Rosa Conde PSOE (Ind.)[d] 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 [47]

Changes May 1990

Portfolio Name Party Took office Left office Ref.
Minister of Labour and Social Security Luis Martínez Noval PSOE 2 May 1990 14 July 1993 [48]

Changes January 1991

Portfolio Name Party Took office Left office Ref.
Deputy Prime Minister Vacant from 14 January to 13 March 1991.[49]

Changes March 1991

Portfolio Name Party Took office Left office Ref.
Deputy Prime Minister Narcís Serra PSOE (PSC) 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [50]
Minister of Justice Tomás de la Quadra-Salcedo PSOE 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister of Defence Julián García Vargas PSOE 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister of Public Works and Transport[e] Josep Borrell PSOE 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism[e] Claudio Aranzadi PSOE (Ind.) 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Pedro Solbes PSOE (Ind.) 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister for Public Administrations Juan Manuel Eguiagaray PSOE 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister of Transport, Tourism and Communications[e] Disestablished on 13 March 1991.[43]
Minister of Culture Jordi Solé Tura PSOE (PSC) 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 [51]
Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs Julián García Valverde PSOE 13 March 1991 13 January 1992 [51]

Changes January 1992

Portfolio Name Party Took office Left office Ref.
Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs José Antonio Griñán PSOE 15 January 1992 14 July 1993 [52]

Changes June 1992

Portfolio Name Party Took office Left office Ref.
Minister of Foreign Affairs Javier Solana PSOE 24 June 1992 14 July 1993 [53]
Minister of Education and Science Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba PSOE 24 June 1992 14 July 1993 [54]
Close

Departmental structure

Summarize
Perspective

Felipe González's third government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.[42][43]

Unit/body rank
More information Office (Original name), Portrait ...
Office
(Original name)
Portrait Name Took office Left office Alliance/party Ref.

Prime Minister's Office

Prime Minister
(Presidencia del Gobierno)
Thumb Felipe González 6 December 1989 13 July 1993 PSOE [55]
[56]
[57]
[58]
[59]
[60]
16 December 1989 – 7 May 1991
  • () Cabinet of the Prime Minister's OfficeChief of Staff
    • () Deputy Chief of Staff
    • () Department of Institutional Affairs
    • () Department of Economy
    • () Department of Socio-labour Affairs
    • () Department of International Affairs
    • () Department of Education and Culture
    • () Department of Analysis
    • () Department of Defence and Security
    • () Department of Studies
    • () Department of Infrastructure and Monitoring for Crisis Situations
  • () General Secretariat of the Prime Minister's Office
    • () Chief of Protocol of the State
    • () Chief of Protocol of the Prime Minister's Office
    • () Chief of Security of the Prime Minister's Office
    • () Chief of Operational Resources of the Prime Minister's Office
7 May 1991 – 14 July 1993
  • () Cabinet of the Prime Minister's OfficeChief of Staff
    • () Deputy Chief of Staff
    • () Department of Institutional Affairs
    • () Department of Economy
    • () Department of Socio-labour Affairs
    • () Department of International Affairs
    • () Department of Education and Culture
    • () Department of Analysis
    • () Department of Defence and Security
    • () Department of Studies
    • () Department of Infrastructure and Monitoring for Crisis Situations
  • () General Secretariat for Coordination and Services of the Prime Minister's Office
    • () Chief of Protocol of the State
    • () Chief of Protocol of the Prime Minister's Office
    • () Chief of Operational Resources of the Prime Minister's Office
    • () Chief of Security of the Prime Minister's Office
Deputy Prime Minister
(Vicepresidencia del Gobierno)
Thumb Alfonso Guerra 7 December 1989 14 January 1991
(resigned)
PSOE [59]
Thumb Narcís Serra 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE
(PSC–PSOE)
16 December 1989 – 31 July 1995
  • () General Secretariat of the Deputy Prime Minister's Office

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
(Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores)
Thumb Francisco Fernández Ordóñez 7 December 1989 16 June 1992
(resigned)
PSOE [61]
[62]
Thumb Javier Solana 24 June 1992 14 July 1993 PSOE
24 December 1988 – 11 May 1996
  • () State Secretariat for the European Communities
    • () General Secretariat for the European Communities
      • () Directorate-General for Community Technical Coordination
      • () Directorate-General for Community Legal and Institutional Coordination
  • () State Secretariat for International Cooperation and for Ibero-America
    • () Directorate-General for International Economic Relations
    • () Directorate-General for Cultural and Scientific Relations
  • () Undersecretariat of Foreign Affairs
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for the Foreign Service
    • () Directorate-General for Consular Affairs
  • () General Secretariat for Foreign Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for Europe
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for Ibero-America
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for North America and Asia
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for Africa and the Middle East
    • () Directorate-General for International Organizations and Conferences
    • () Directorate-General for International Affairs of Security and Disarmament
  • () Service for Protocol, Chancery and Orders–First Introducer of Ambassadors
  • () Directorate-General of the Office for Diplomatic Information

Ministry of Justice

Ministry of Justice
(Ministerio de Justicia)
Thumb Enrique Múgica 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE [63]
[64]
[65]
Thumb Tomás de la Quadra-Salcedo 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE
17 August 1985 – 17 January 1991
  • () Undersecretariat of Justice
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for Services
    • () Directorate-General for Relations with the Administration of Justice
    • () Directorate-General for Religious Affairs
    • () Directorate-General for Registries and Notaries
    • () Directorate-General for Penitentiary Institutions
    • () Directorate-General of the State Legal Service
17 January 1991 – 27 July 1993
  • () Undersecretariat of Justice
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for Services
    • () Directorate-General for Relations with the Administration of Justice
    • () Directorate-General for Religious Affairs (disest. 27 Mar 1992)
    • () Directorate-General for Religious Affairs and Conscientious Objection (est. 27 Mar 1992)
    • () Directorate-General for Registries and Notaries
    • () Directorate-General of the State Legal Service
  • () General Secretariat for Penitentiary Affairs
    • () Directorate-General for Penitentiary Institutions
    • () Directorate-General for Penitentiary Administration

Ministry of Defence

Ministry of Defence
(Ministerio de Defensa)
Thumb Narcís Serra 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE
(PSC–PSOE)
Thumb Julián García Vargas 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE

Ministry of Economy and Finance

Ministry of Economy and Finance
(Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda)
Thumb Carlos Solchaga 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 PSOE [43]
[66]
[67]
[68]
[69]
[70]
22 February 1987 – 13 March 1991
  • () State Secretariat for Finance
    • () General Secretariat for Finance
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Management
      • () Directorate-General for Financial and Tax Inspection
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Collection
      • () Directorate-General for Customs and Special Taxes
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Informatics
    • () General Secretariat for Planning and Budgets
    • () Directorate-General for Taxes
    • () Directorate-General for Coordination with the Territorial Treasuries
  • () State Secretariat for Economy
    • () Directorate-General for Economic Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Forecast and Conjuncture
    • () Directorate-General for the Treasury and Financial Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Insurance
    • () Directorate-General for Regional Economic Incentives
  • () State Secretariat for Trade
    • () General Secretariat for Trade
    • () Directorate-General for Trade Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Trade
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Transactions
    • () Directorate-General for Internal Trade
    • () Directorate-General for Competition Defence
  • () Undersecretariat of Economy and Finance
    • () Directorate-General for Services
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for the State Heritage
    • () Inspectorate-General of the Ministry of Economy and Finance
13 March – 14 May 1991
  • () State Secretariat for Finance
    • () General Secretariat for Finance
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Management
      • () Directorate-General for Financial and Tax Inspection
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Collection
      • () Directorate-General for Customs and Special Taxes
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Informatics
    • () General Secretariat for Planning and Budgets
    • () Directorate-General for Taxes
    • () Directorate-General for Coordination with the Territorial Treasuries
  • () State Secretariat for Economy
    • () Directorate-General for Economic Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Forecast and Conjuncture
    • () Directorate-General for the Treasury and Financial Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Insurance
    • () Directorate-General for Regional Economic Incentives
  • () Undersecretariat of Economy and Finance
    • () Directorate-General for Services
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for the State Heritage
    • () Inspectorate-General of the Ministry of Economy and Finance
  • () Directorate-General for Foreign Transactions
  • () Directorate-General for Competition Defence
14 May 1991 – 3 October 1993
  • () State Secretariat for Finance
    • () General Secretariat for Finance (disest. 1 Jan 1992)
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Management (disest. 1 Jan 1992)
      • () Directorate-General for Financial and Tax Inspection (disest. 1 Jan 1992)
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Collection (disest. 1 Jan 1992)
      • () Directorate-General for Customs and Special Taxes (disest. 1 Jan 1992)
      • () Directorate-General for Tax Informatics (disest. 1 Jan 1992)
    • () General Secretariat for Planning and Budgets
    • () Directorate-General for Taxes
    • () Directorate-General for Coordination with the Territorial Treasuries
  • () State Secretariat for Economy
    • () General Secretariat for International Economy and Competition
      • () Directorate-General for Forecast and Conjuncture
      • () Directorate-General for Regional Economic Incentives
      • () Directorate-General for Competition Defence
      • () Directorate-General for Foreign Transactions
    • () Directorate-General for the Treasury and Financial Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Insurance
    • () Directorate-General for Economic Policy
  • () Undersecretariat of Economy and Finance
    • () Directorate-General for Services
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for the State Heritage
    • () Inspectorate-General of the Ministry of Economy and Finance

Ministry of the Interior

Ministry of the Interior
(Ministerio del Interior)
Thumb José Luis Corcuera 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 PSOE

Ministry of Public Works

Ministry of Public Works
and Urbanism

(Ministerio de Obras Públicas
y Urbanismo)

(until 13 March 1991)

Ministry of Public Works
and Transport

(Ministerio de Obras Públicas
y Transportes)

(from 13 March 1991)

Thumb Javier Sáenz de Cosculluela 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE
Thumb Josep Borrell 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE

Ministry of Education and Science

Ministry of Education and Science
(Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia)
Thumb Javier Solana 7 December 1989 24 June 1992 PSOE [71]
Thumb Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba 24 June 1992 14 July 1993 PSOE
  • () High Council for Sports
    • () President's Office of the High Council for Sports
      • () Directorate-General for Sports
      • () Directorate-General for Sports Infrastructure (disest. 18 Jul 1992)
      • () Directorate-General for Sports Infrastructure and Services (est. 18 Jul 1992)

Ministry of Labour and Social Security

Ministry of Labour
and Social Security

(Ministerio de Trabajo
y Seguridad Social)
Thumb Manuel Chaves 7 December 1989 2 May 1990 PSOE [72]
[73]
[74]
Thumb Luis Martínez Noval 2 May 1990 14 July 1993 PSOE
25 April 1985 – 14 July 1993
  • () Undersecretariat of Labour and Social Security
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for Services
    • () Directorate-General for Personnel
    • () Directorate-General for Labour and Social Security Inspection
    • () Directorate-General for Informatics and Statistics
    • () Directorate-General of the Spanish Institute for Emigration (disest. 13 Oct 1991)
    • () Directorate-General for Migration (est. 13 Oct 1991)
  • () General Secretariat for Employment and Labour Relations
    • () Directorate-General for Labour
    • () Directorate-General for Employment
    • () Directorate-General for Cooperatives and Labour Relations (disest. 30 Dec 1991)
  • () General Secretariat for Social Security
    • () Directorate-General for Economic Regime of the Social Security (disest. 20 Dec 1990)
    • () Directorate-General for Legal Regime of the Social Security (disest. 20 Dec 1990)
    • () Directorate-General for Economic Planning and Management of the Social Security (est. 20 Dec 1990)
    • () Directorate-General for Legal Planning and Collaborating Entities of the Social Security (est. 20 Dec 1990)
    • () Office of the Comptroller General of the Social Security

Ministry of Industry

Ministry of Industry and Energy
(Ministerio de Industria y Energía)
(until 13 March 1991)

Ministry of Industry,
Trade and Tourism

(Ministerio de Industria,
Comercio y Turismo)

(from 13 March 1991)

Thumb Claudio Aranzadi 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 PSOE
(Independent)
[43]
[75]
[76]
30 October 1988 – 13 March 1991
  • () Undersecretariat of Industry and Energy
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for Services
  • () General Secretariat for Energy and Mineral Resources
    • () Directorate-General for Mines and Construction
    • () Directorate-General for Energy
  • () General Secretariat for Industrial Promotion and Technology
    • () Directorate-General for Electronics and New Technologies
    • () Directorate-General for Technological Policy
  • () Directorate-General for Industry
13 March – 6 April 1991
  • () State Secretariat for Trade
    • () General Secretariat for Trade
    • () Directorate-General for Trade Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Foreign Trade
    • () Directorate-General for Internal Trade
  • () Undersecretariat of Industry and Energy
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for Services
  • () General Secretariat for Energy and Mineral Resources
    • () Directorate-General for Mines and Construction
    • () Directorate-General for Energy
  • () General Secretariat for Industrial Promotion and Technology
    • () Directorate-General for Electronics and New Technologies
    • () Directorate-General for Technological Policy
  • () Directorate-General for Industry
6 April 1991 – 14 July 1993
  • () State Secretariat for Industry
    • () General Secretariat for Industrial Promotion and Technology
      • () Directorate-General for Electronics and New Technologies
      • () Directorate-General for Technological Policy
    • () Directorate-General for Industry
  • () State Secretariat for Trade
    • () General Secretariat for Trade
      • () Directorate-General for Trade Policy
      • () Directorate-General for Foreign Trade
      • () Directorate-General for Foreign Investments
      • () Directorate-General for Internal Trade
  • () Undersecretariat of Industry, Trade and Tourism
    • () Technical General Secretariat
    • () Directorate-General for Services
  • () General Secretariat for Energy and Mineral Resources
    • () Directorate-General for Mines and Construction
    • () Directorate-General for Energy
  • () General Secretariat for Tourism

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food

(Ministerio de Agricultura,
Pesca y Alimentación)
Thumb Carlos Romero 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE
Thumb Pedro Solbes 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE
(Independent)

Ministry for Public Administrations

Ministry for Public Administrations
(Ministerio para las Administraciones
Públicas)
Thumb Joaquín Almunia 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE
Thumb Juan Manuel Eguiagaray 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE

Ministry of Transport, Tourism and Communications

Ministry of Transport,
Tourism and Communications

(Ministerio de Transportes,
Turismo y Comunicaciones)

(until 13 March 1991)
Thumb José Barrionuevo 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE

Ministry of Culture

Ministry of Culture
(Ministerio de Cultura)
Thumb Jorge Semprún 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE
(Independent)
[77]
[78]
Thumb Jordi Solé Tura 13 March 1991 14 July 1993 PSOE
(PSC–PSOE)
23 July 1988 – 21 October 1993
  • () Undersecretariat of Culture
  • () Technical General Secretariat
  • () Directorate-General for Fine Arts and Archives
  • () Directorate-General for Books and Libraries
  • () Directorate-General for Cultural Cooperation

Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs

Ministry of Health
and Consumer Affairs

(Ministerio de Sanidad
y Consumo)
Thumb Julián García Vargas 7 December 1989 13 March 1991 PSOE
Thumb Julián García Valverde 13 March 1991 13 January 1992
(resigned)
PSOE
Thumb José Antonio Griñán 15 January 1992 14 July 1993 PSOE

Ministry of Relations with the Cortes and the Government Secretariat

Ministry of Relations with the
Cortes and the Government
Secretariat

(Ministerio de Relaciones con las
Cortes y de la Secretaría del Gobierno)
Thumb Virgilio Zapatero 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 PSOE [77]
[79]
[80]
[81]
[82]
31 July 1987 – 14 July 1993

Ministry of Social Affairs

Ministry of Social Affairs
(Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales)
Thumb Matilde Fernández 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 PSOE [78]
[83]
23 July 1988 – 14 July 1993
  • () Undersecretariat of Social Affairs
    • () Technical Directorate-General and for Services
    • () Directorate-General for Social Action
    • () Directorate-General for the Legal Protection of Minors

Ministry of the Spokesperson of the Government

Ministry of the Spokesperson
of the Government

(Ministerio del Portavoz del Gobierno)
Thumb Rosa Conde 7 December 1989 14 July 1993 PSOE
(PSOE from Nov 1990;
Indep. until Nov 1990)
[58]
30 July 1988 – 6 September 1993
  • () Undersecretariat of the Spokesperson of the Government
    • () Technical Directorate-General and for Services
    • () Directorate-General for Information Relations
    • () Directorate-General for Information Cooperation
Close

See also

Notes

  1. Does not include the Prime Minister.
  2. Including PSC.
  3. As a result of Herri Batasuna's policy of abstentionism, the PSOE was able to govern as a de facto majority government.
  4. Joined the PSOE in November 1990.[9]
  5. On 13 March 1991, the ministries of Public Works and Urbanism and Industry and Energy were reorganized as the Public Works and Transport and Industry, Trade and Tourism departments, respectively. Concurrently, the Ministry of Transport, Tourism and Communications was disestablished and its competences transferred to the Public Works and Transport (Transport and Communications) and Industry, Trade and Tourism (Tourism) departments.[43]

References

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