Ophryacus undulatus

Ophryacus undulatus is a venomous pitviper species found in the mountains of central and southern Mexico. No subspecies are currently recognized.^[4]

Ophryacus undulatus
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Genus:	Ophryacus
Species:	O. undulatus
Binomial name
Ophryacus undulatus (Jan, 1859)
Synonyms[1]
Atropos undulatus Jan, 1857 (nomen nudum) Trigonocephalus (Atropos) undulatus Jan, 1859 A[tropos]. undulatus – Jan, 1863 Atropos undulatus – Cope, 1864 Teleuraspis undulatus – Garman, 1884 Ophryacus undulatus – Ferrari Perez, 1886 Bothrops undulatus – Günther, 1895 Lachesis undulatus – Boulenger, 1896 Trimeresurus undulatus – Mocquard, 1909 Lachesis (Trimeresurus) undulatus – F. Werner, 1922 Bothrops undulata – Amaral, 1930 Bothrops sphenophrys H.M. Smith, 1960 Bothriechis undulatus – Julia-Zertuche & Verala, 1978 Ophryacus undulatus – Campbell & Lamar, 1989

Common names: Mexican horned pitviper,^[2] undulated pit viper.^[3]

Description

Adults grow to 55–70 centimetres (21+5⁄8–27+1⁄2 inches) in length and are moderately stout.^[2] Elongated supraocular scales form a pair of "horns" or "spines" over the eyes.^[3]

The color pattern consists of a silvery-gray ground color overlaid with a series of black dorsal blotches that merge to form a broad wavy stripe. Black speckling is present on the flanks. The top of the head is black.^[3]

Geographic range

Found in the mountains of central and southern Mexico (Hidalgo, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Guerrero) west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec at elevations of 1,800–2,800 m (5,900–9,200 ft). The type locality given is "Messico" (Mexico). H.M. Smith & Taylor (1950) proposed that it be restricted to "Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico."^[1]

Habitat

Brush and rock strewn slopes in the vicinity of streams.^[3]

Conservation status

This species is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: B1ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001).^[5] A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the geographic range, in the form of extent of occurrence, is estimated to be less than 20,000 km², that estimates indicate it to be severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 10 locations, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. It is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. In 2007 when it was last assessed, the population trend was down.^[6]

Behavior

Night-time temperatures throughout its range are low, and this species only seems to be active during the day. Individuals have frequently been seen coiled on or near fallen logs, as well as in bushes and small trees 1–4 m (3.3–13.1 ft) above the ground.^[2]

Feeding

The diet consists of rodents and lizards.^[2]

Reproduction

Ovoviviparous, with females giving birth to live young.^[3]