German submarine U-427

German submarine U-427 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

U-995, a Type VIIC U-boat at the German naval memorial at Laboe which was almost identical to U-427
History
Nazi Germany
Name	U-427
Ordered	5 June 1941
Builder	Danziger Werft, Danzig
Yard number	128
Laid down	27 July 1942
Launched	6 February 1943
Commissioned	2 June 1943
Fate	Surrendered on 9 May 1945 Scuttled on 21 December 1945
General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIC submarine
Displacement	769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in) o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in) pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 × diesel engines 2 × electric motors
Speed	17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	44-52 officers and ratings
Armament	5 × torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedoes 1 × 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun various anti-aircraft guns
Service record[1][2]
Part of:	8th U-boat Flotilla 2 June 1943 – 1 June 1944 7th U-boat Flotilla 1 June – 31 July 1944 11th U-boat Flotilla 1 August – 4 November 1944 13th U-boat Flotilla 5 November 1944 – 28 February 1945 14th U-boat Flotilla 1 March – 8 May 1945
Identification codes:	M 52 216
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. Carl-Gabriel Graf von Gudenus 2 June 1943 – 9 May 1945
Operations:	5 patrols: 1st patrol: 25 September – 1 October 1944 2nd patrol: a. 30 October – 8 November 1944 b. 11 – 14 November 1944 3rd patrol: a. 4 December 1944 – 23 February 1945 b. 23 – 24 February 1945 4th patrol: 9 – 20 April 1945 5th patrol: a. 21 April – 2 May 1945 b. 5 May 1945 c. 15 – 19 May 1945
Victories:	None

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-427 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[3] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[3]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-427 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.^[3]

Service history

Built by Danziger Werft, Danzig, the U-boat was laid down on 27 July 1942, launched on 6 February 1943 and commissioned on 2 June 1943 with a crew of 53 under their Austrian commander Oberleutnant Carl-Gabriel Graf von Gudenus. It survived until the end of the war. Most U-boats achieved notoriety for the number of kills they achieved, or the total tonnage of the vessels they sank, but in the case of U-427 fame was achieved differently.^[4]

From its first voyage, on 20 June 1944, until the end of the war, U-427 never destroyed any of its targets. It fired torpedoes at two vessels, HMCS Haida and HMCS Iroquois on 29 April 1945, missing both, but it was for its ability to survive under harrowing circumstances that U-427 became known. In April 1945, leading up to, during, and after those two attacks, U-427 survived 678 depth charge attempts. On 2 May 1945, U-427 returned to its base at Kilbotn, Norway, where it remained for the few remaining days before Germany's surrender.^[4][5][6]

U-427 surrendered at Narvik, Norway, on 9 May 1945, and was transferred to Loch Eriboll, Scotland, on 19 May, and later to Loch Ryan as part of "Operation Deadlight" when it was sunk on 21 December 1945 at 56°04′N 09°35′W.