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Vector path

Mathematical outline used in vector graphics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Vector path refers to a mathematically defined shape used in vector graphics to represent outlines, shapes, or trajectories through a set of connected points. Unlike raster graphics, which consist of pixels, vector paths are composed of anchor points and control handles, allowing for resolution-independent scaling and precise editing.

Characteristics

A vector path is constructed using:

  • Anchor points: define the start, end, and corners of a shape.
  • Segments: straight or curved lines that connect anchor points.
  • Control handles: determine the curvature of segments, especially when defining Bézier curves.[1]

Paths can be classified as:

  • Open paths: with distinct starting and ending points (e.g., lines, curves).
  • Closed paths: where the start and end meet to form enclosed shapes such as circles or polygons.[2]
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Advantages

Vector paths offer several benefits compared to raster-based representations:

  • Resolution independence: paths retain quality at any display resolution or scale.[3]
  • Editability: shapes and curves can be modified by adjusting anchor points and handles.
  • Smaller file sizes: vector files typically use less storage than high-resolution raster images.[4]

Applications

Vector paths are fundamental to many fields within computer graphics and design:

  • Logo and branding design: ensure clarity at all sizes.
  • Typography: letterforms are created from connected vector paths.[5]
  • Technical drawing: essential for computer-aided design (CAD), engineering, and architecture.
  • Web and UI design: used in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) for responsive and animated interfaces.[6]

File formats and software

Vector paths are commonly stored and manipulated in file formats such as:

Popular software supporting vector path creation includes:

Rendering

To display a vector path on screen or in print, a rendering engine may apply:

  • A stroke: outlining the path with a visible line.
  • A fill: coloring the interior of a closed path.

Rendering behaviors vary by implementation, especially in how corners (joins), line endings (caps), and fill rules are interpreted.[8]

See also

References

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