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Stinson Reliant
High-wing monoplane produced 1933-43 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Stinson Reliant is a popular single-engine four- to five-seat high-wing monoplane manufactured by the Stinson Aircraft Division of the Aviation Manufacturing Corporation of Wayne, Michigan.
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Design and development
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The Reliant is a high-wing, fixed-tailwheel land monoplane powered with a variety of radial engines.[1]
1,327 Reliants of all types were made from 1933 to 1941, in different models, from SR-1 to SR-10. The final commercial model, the Stinson Reliant SR-10, was introduced in 1938. A militarized version was first flown in February 1942 and remained in production through several additional versions (all externally identical) until late 1943 for the US and British armed forces.[citation needed]
Reliant production can be broken into two distinct types – the straight-wing Reliants (all models up to SR-6) and the gull-wing Reliants (all models from SR-7 and after, including the militarized V-77/AT-19), with there being little in common between the two groups of types. The straight-wing Reliant has a wing of constant chord and thickness which is supported by two struts each side with additional bracing struts. In contrast the taper-wing Reliant has the broadest chord and thickness of the wing at mid-span, with the outer wing trailing edge heavily angled forward and a rounded cutout on the leading edge root, all supported by a single strut. The taper wing has a significant step up between the fuselage and the wing, and the changes in wing thickness gave it a distinct gull appearance from the front.[citation needed]
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Operational history
The Reliant was used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II as a utility aircraft, designated UC-81, and as trainer designated AT-19. The Royal Navy and Royal Air Force also used Reliants, for light transport and communication duties. After the war they were sold on the civilian market as the Vultee V-77.
The V-77 is a spartan version of the SR-10 with the 300 hp Lycoming R680-E3B, a single door on the left side and the traditional "bump" cowl was replaced with a simpler smooth cowl. Internal structure was beefed up significantly over the commercial models, and a distinctive triangle-shaped counterbalance was added to the rudder.[citation needed]
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Variants
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All versions of the Reliant were powered with radial piston engines, and could be operated on wheels, floats and skis, and in the following configurations:[2]
- Cargo
- Ambulance (two stretchers)
- Firefighting
- Photographic mapping
Civilian variants
- SR Reliant: Powered by a 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming R-680.[3]
- SR-1: Powered by a 240 hp (180 kW) Lycoming R-680-2. Two built.[4]
- SR-2: Powered by a 240 hp (180 kW) Lycoming R-680-7.
- SR-3: Similar to the SR-1, but with retractable undercarriage.
- SR-4: Powered by a 250 hp (190 kW) Wright R-760-E.
- SR-5: Powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Lycoming R-680-4.
- SR-5A: Powered by a 245 hp (183 kW) Lycoming R-680-6.
- SR-5B: Powered by a 240 hp (180 kW) Lycoming R-680-2.
- SR-5C: Powered by a 260 hp (190 kW) Lycoming R-680-5.
- SR-5E: Powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Lycoming R-680-4.
- SR-5F: Powered by a 250 hp (190 kW) Wright R-760-E.
- SR-6: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-6.
- SR-6A: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Lycoming R-680-4.
- SR-6B: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a 260 hp (190 kW) Lycoming R-680-5.
- SR-7: First gull wing series.
- SR-7B: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B6. 47 built.[5]
- SR-7C: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B5. Three built.[5]
- SR-8A: Five-seat cabin aircraft.
- SR-8B: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B6.
- SR-8C: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B5.
- SR-8D: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Wright R-760-E2.
- SR-8DM: Utility transport version of the SR-8D.
- SR-8E: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a 320 hp (240 kW) Wright R-760-E23.
- SR-8DE: Utility transport version of the SR-8E.
- SR-9: 1937 series. Fitted with a curved windshield, unique to this series.[6]
- SR-9A: Proposed version with Lycoming R-680-B4 engine. Unbuilt.[6]
- SR-9B: Powered by a 245 hp (183 kW) Lycoming R-680-B6 engine. 35 built.[6][7]
- SR-9C: Powered by a 260 hp (190 kW) Lycoming R-680-B5 engine. 65 built.[6][7]
- SR-9D: Powered by a 285 hp (213 kW) Wright R-760-E1 engine. 22 built.[6][7]
- SR-9E: Powered by a 320 hp (240 kW) Wright R-760-E2 engine. 43 built.[6][7]
- SR-9F: Powered by a 450 hp (340 kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior. 34 built.[6]
- SR-10
- SR-10B: Powered by a Lycoming R-680-D6. One built.[6]
- SR-10C: Powered by a Lycoming R-680-D5 engine. 46 built.[6]
- SR-10D: Wright R-760E-1 engine. 3 built.[8]
- SR-10E: Powered by a Wright R-760E-2. 21 built.[8]
- SR-10F: Powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB. 18 built.[9]
- SR-10G: Powered by a Lycoming R-680-E1. 12 built.[6]
- SR-10J: Lycoming R-680-E3 engine. 11 built.[6]
- SR-10K: Powered by a 450 hp (340 kW) Wright R-975E-3. 2 built for New York City Police Department; one with conventional landing gear, one seaplane with Edo floats.[6][10]
Military variants
- AT-19
- USAAF designation for a training variant of the UC-81 for the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease as the Reliant I, 500 built.[11]
- AT-19A
- Original designation of the L-9A which was a Voyager not a Reliant.[11]
- AT-19B
- Original designation of the L-9B which was a Voyager not a Reliant.[11]
- AT-19C
- Conversions of AT-19s for photo-survey aircraft for the USAAF, 51 conversions.[11]
- UC-81
- Four impressed SR.8Bs.[13]
- UC-81A
- Two impressed SR.10Gs.[13]
- UC-81B
- One impressed SR.8E.[13]
- UC-81C
- Three impressed SR.9Cs.[13]
- XC-81D
- One civil SR.10F operated by the military for the development of glider pick-up techniques.[13]
- UC-81E
- Four impressed SR.9Fs.[13]
- UC-81F
- Seven impressed SR.10Fs.[13]
- UC-81G
- Three impressed SR.9Ds.[13]
- UC-81H
- One impressed SR.10E.[13]
- UC-81J
- Nine impressed SR.9Es.[13]
- UC-81K
- Five impressed SR.10Cs.[13]
- UC-81L
- Two impressed SR.8Cs.[13]
- UC-81M
- One impressed SR.9EM.[13]
- UC-81N
- Two impressed SR.9Bs.[13]
- L-12
- Two SR.5As impressed into service with the USAAF during World War II.[14]
- L-12A
- Two SR.7Bs impressed into service during World War II.[14]
- RQ-1
- One SR-5 Reliant was acquired by the US Coast Guard in 1935, later redesignated XR3Q-1 and decommissioned in 1941.[15]
- XR3Q-1
- One SR-5 Reliant was acquired by the US Navy in 1935.[16]
- Reliant I
- 500 Reliants were supplied to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease. The Reliants were used for light transport and communications, navigation and radio training duties.
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Operators
Military operators
- United States Army Air Forces – A total of 47 Reliants impressed during World War 2[19]
- United States Coast Guard[15]
- United States Navy[9]
Civil operators
- Aeronaves de México – the Reliant was the first aircraft used by Aeronaves, later to become Mexico's largest airline, Aeromexico, on their initial service between Mexico and Acapulco on 14 September 1934[21]
- Líneas Aéreas de Transporte Nacional (LATN)
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Specifications (SR-10F)
Data from General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors[9]
General characteristics
- Crew: one, pilot
- Capacity: 3 to 4 passengers
- Length: 27 ft 11 in (8.51 m)
- Wingspan: 41 ft 7 in (12.68 m)
- Height: 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
- Wing area: 256.5 sq ft (23.84 m2)
- Empty weight: 3,045 lb (1,384 kg)
- Gross weight: 4,605 lb (2,093 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior SB nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 400 hp (298 kW)
Performance
- Cruise speed: 154 kn (177 mph, 285 km/h)
- Range: 739 nmi (850 mi, 1,369 km)
- Service ceiling: 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,330 ft/min (6.8 m/s)
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See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Cessna Airmaster
- de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
- Fairchild 24
- Howard DGA-15
- Monocoupe 90
- Noorduyn Norseman
- Waco Standard Cabin series
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References
Bibliography
External links
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