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Sogeram languages
Family of languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Sogeram languages are a family of languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea. They are named after the Sogeram River.[1]
In earlier classifications, such as that of Wurm, most of the Sogeram family were called "Wanang", after the Wanang River. The exceptions were Faita, placed as a separate branch of the Southern Adelbert languages, and Mum–Sirva (then called the "Sikan" family), which were classified with the other branch, Josephstaal (Tomul River).
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Languages
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Daniels (2016) classifies the Sogeram languages in three branches, including some recently documented languages.[2]
- Sogeram
- West Sogeram (Wurm et al's "Atan" family)
- Central Segeram
- "East" Sogeram
Daniels (2017), following Pawley, resolves the issue of Gants by classifying it as East Sogeram, closest to Kursav though he refrains from claiming the two languages form a clade. He notes that the name "East Sogeram" is no longer geographically appropriate, as Gants would be the westernmost Sogeram language.[3]
Recently discovered Magɨyi may also be a Sogeram language, with the forms of identified cognates closest to Mum.[4]
Because these languages form a chain, where each influences its neighbors, the branching of the family is not clear. Usher divides the languages in nearly the same way, differing only in the placement of Manat:[1]
- Sogeram River
Names
Below are Sogeram language names in Daniels (2015) compared to names listed in Z'graggen (1975), along with their respective meanings.[5]: 6
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Proto-language
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A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram has been proposed by Daniels (2015).[6]
Phonology
Proto-Sogeram phonemic inventory according to Daniels (2015):[6]: 55
| *p | *t | *k | *kʷ <kw> | |
| *β <v> | *s | |||
| *m | *n | *ɲ <ñ> | *ŋ | |
| *r |
| *i | *ɨ | *u |
| *a |
Pronouns
Daniels (2017) reconstructs the pronouns as follows:[3]
Compare Ross's proto-Madang singular pronouns *ya, *na, *nu/*ua.
Lexicon
Selected lexical reconstructions from Daniels (2015) are listed below.[6]: 360–392
Comparisons
The following is a comparative table of reconstructed forms in Proto-Sogeram and Proto-Northern Adelbert.[7]: 472
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References
Further reading
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