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West Java Regional House of Representatives
Unicameral legislature of the Indonesian province of West Java From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The West Java Regional House of Representatives (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat; Sundanese: ᮓᮦᮝᮔ᮪ ᮕᮀᮝᮊᮤᮜ᮪ ᮛᮠᮚᮒ᮪ ᮓᮆᮛᮂ ᮕᮢᮧᮗᮤᮔ᮪ᮞᮤ ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, abbreviated to DPRD Jabar) is the unicameral legislature of the Indonesian province of West Java. It is composed of 120 members who are elected through general elections once every five years, simultaneously with the national legislative election. The leadership is consists of 1 speaker and 4 deputy speakers who come from the political parties with the largest number of seats and votes.
The current members of the West Java Provincial DPRD are the results of the 2024 general election which was inaugurated on September 2, 2024, at the Merdeka Building. The composition of the members of the West Java DPRD for the 2024-2029 period consists of 10 political parties where the Gerindra Party is the political party with the most seats, namely 20 seats.[3][4]
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History
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The council (Regional House of Representatives) was first founded in 1950, with Djaja Rahmat as its speaker. The council, which was called a "temporary provincial council" (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Sementara) initially had 60 members. Before 1950, a similar body was present which was headed by Oto Iskandar di Nata. After being renamed to its present name in 1955, the number of councillors went up from 60 to 75, down to 74, before becoming the present 100.[5]
In the early years of the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia, the term West Java Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) had not yet been used. However, this did not mean that there was no legislative body. A similar institution had already been present under the name West Java Regional Representative Body (BPRD). Therefore, the origins of the West Java DPRD cannot be separated from the existence of the BPRD. At that time, the BPRD was chaired by R. Otto Iskandardinata, with Dr. Soeratman Erwin and Mr. Samsudin as deputies.
During the transitional period following the reintegration of the United States of Indonesia into the unitary Republic of Indonesia, a Provisional Regional House of Representatives was formed in West Java, consisting of 60 members from 22 political parties and led by Djaja Rahmat (1950–1955).
The term West Java Regional House of Representatives was officially introduced in 1955, following the country's first national election, the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, held on 29 September 1955. To implement representative councils based on this election, the government passed Law No. 19 of 1956 as the legal foundation for regional elections. In 1957, the first members of the West Java DPRD were elected. From 1957 to 1960, the West Java DPRD had 75 members from 14 political parties and was chaired by Oja Somantri.
During the Guided Democracy era until 1974, the legal basis for the West Java DPRD was Law No. 18 of 1965. One of its articles stipulated that the DPRD was accountable to the regional head. It also required that all DPRD decisions be signed by the regional head, effectively placing the DPRD under the authority of the executive. This legal condition significantly weakened the DPRD's power and its legislative role. From 1960 to 1967, the West Java DPRD was led by Lt. Gen. H. Mashudi, and from 1967 to 1971 by Rachmat Sulaeman, with 70 members from 8 political parties.
Following the enactment of Law No. 5 of 1974, changes occurred in the structure of regional government. The law declared that the regional government consisted of both the regional head and the DPRD, putting both on equal footing. The difference lay in their functions: the regional head was the executive, while the DPRD had legislative duties. From 1971 to 1977, the DPRD of West Java Province was again led by Rachmat Sulaeman, with 74 members from four factions.
During the New Order era under President Suharto, the DPRD of West Java was successively chaired by Brig. Gen. (Ret.) H. Adjat Sudradjat (1977–1982), Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Suratman (1982–1992), and Brig. Gen. (Ret.) H. Agus Muhyidin (1992–1997). During this time, as the population of West Java increased, the number of DPRD members also rose to 100.
In 1997, the Reformasi movement began, eventually bringing an end to the New Order. This impacted the DPRD's term, shortening it to just three years. In 1998, a new election was held, and the DPRD was chaired by Maj. Gen. (Ret.) H. Abdul Nurhaman, S.Ip., S.Sos.
The enactment of Law No. 22 of 1999 and Law No. 25 of 1999 as a response to Reformasi reflected two major ideas: granting broad autonomy to regions (excluding foreign affairs, defense and security, justice, monetary and fiscal matters, and religion), and strengthening the role of the DPRD in electing and overseeing regional leaders. These laws empowered the DPRD in legislation, representation, and advocacy. Decentralization was seen as part of a democratization agenda, and the DPRD was positioned as an equal partner to the regional executive, not merely a component of local government.
During the 1999–2004 period, the West Java DPRD held authority to elect regional heads, select regional representatives to the MPR, and propose appointments and dismissals of regional heads. The council was initially chaired by Ir. H. Idin Rafiudin (who passed away during his term), succeeded by Drs. H. Eka Santosa.
As democratic institutions improved, the government passed Law No. 32 of 2004. This law defined the DPRD as a legislative body that is part of regional governance alongside the executive. Article 3 stated that local government consists of both the government and the DPRD, making the DPRD an equal partner.
The 2004 Indonesian legislative election was contested by 24 political parties, with 10 securing seats in the West Java DPRD: Golkar, PDI-P, PKS, PPP, Democratic Party, PKB, PAN, PBB, PKPB, and PDS. These were consolidated into 7 factions. The 2004–2009 DPRD was chaired by Drs. H. A.M. Ruslan (Golkar), with vice chairs including H. Rudi Harsatanaya (PDI-P), Achmad Ru'yat, M.Sc. (PKS, later replaced by H. Husin M. Albanjari, Dipl.Ing.), and H. Amin Suparmin, S.Hi. (PPP).
The membership of the West Java DPRD for the 2009–2014 period was formalized under Minister of Home Affairs Decree No. 161.32-556 of 2009, on 31 August 2009, in a special plenary session at Gedung Merdeka, Bandung. The 100 members came from 9 parties: Democratic Party (28), PDI-P (17), Golkar (16), PKS (13), Gerindra (8), PPP (8), PAN (5), Hanura (3), and PKB (2). They were grouped into 8 factions.
In the same session, interim leadership was appointed: H. Awing Asmawi, SE (Democratic Party) as interim speaker, and Drs. H. Syarif Bastaman (PDI-P) as interim deputy speaker. On 16 October 2009, following Ministerial Decree No. 161.32-712 of 2009, the definitive leadership of the DPRD was sworn in: Ir. H. Irfan Suryanagara (Democratic Party) as speaker, with vice speakers H. M. Rudi Harsa Tanaya (PDI-P), Drs. H. Uu Rukmana, M.Si. (Golkar), Drs. H. Nur Suprianto, M.M. (PKS), and H. Komarudin Taher, S.Ag. (PPP).
As a result of the 2014 Indonesian legislative election, the DPRD composition changed. Though the total number of seats remained 100, they were distributed among 10 parties: PDI-P (20), Golkar (17), PKS (12), Democratic Party (12), Gerindra (11), PPP (9), PKB (7), NasDem (5), PAN (4), and Hanura (3). These parties formed 8 factions, including the United Golkar-Amanah Faction, PDI-P Faction, PKS Faction, Democratic Faction, Gerindra Faction, PPP Faction, and the Restorative People's Conscience Faction.
The new council was inaugurated at a special plenary session on 1 September 2014 at Gedung Merdeka per Ministerial Decree No. 161.32-3442 of 2014.
On 22 October 2014, the council's leadership for 2014–2019 was inaugurated based on Ministerial Decree No. 161.32-3862 of 2014. The speaker was Ineu Purwadewi Sundari (PDI-P), with vice speakers Irianto MS Syafiuddin (Golkar), Harris Yuliana (PKS), Irfan Suryanagara (Democratic Party), and Abdul Harris Bobihoe (Gerindra).
In line with social and political developments, the government passed Law No. 17 of 2014 concerning the MPR, DPR, DPD, and DPRD (MD3 Law), as well as Law No. 9 of 2015 amending Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government.[5]
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Powers
DPRD powers are classified under Law No. 17 of 2014 as legislative, budgeting, and supervisory powers, which includes creating regional laws, approving budgets proposed by the regional heads (governos/mayors/regents), and monitoring the spending of funds.[6][7] Additionally, DPRD could propose the removal of a regional head the Ministry of Home Affairs, and may declare impeachment of a regional head.[7][8] However, DPRD cannot remove regional heads from their positions, which remained the authority of the Supreme Court of Indonesia.[8]
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Composition
The following is the composition of the members of the West Java Provincial DPRD in the last nine periods.[9][10][11][12][13][14]
Parliamentary groups
Factions
A faction is a forum for members of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) to coordinate and optimize the implementation of the council's functions, duties, authorities, rights, and responsibilities. Each faction must have at least as many members as the number of commissions in the DPRD.[15] In the West Java Provincial DPRD, each faction is required to have a minimum of five members.
For the 2024–2029 period, the West Java Provincial DPRD consists of nine factions as follows:[16]
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Structure
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Based on Article 110 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the Provincial Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) has the following organs (AKD):
- Leadership
- Deliberative Body (Bamus)
- Commissions
- Regional Regulation Formation Agency (Bapemperda)
- Budget Agency (Banggar)
- Honorary Council (BK)
- Other Equipment (established by Plenary Meeting)
Leadership
According to the law, a Provincial DPRD with 35–44 members is led by 1 Speaker and 2 Deputy Speakers; 45–84 members by 1 Speaker and 3 Deputy Speakers; and 85–100 members by 1 Speaker and 4 Deputy Speakers.[26]
The leadership of the West Java DPRD consists of 1 Speaker and 4 Deputy Speakers from the political parties that won the most seats in the DPRD. The following is a list of Speakers of the West Java Provincial DPRD since the Reform Era:[5][27][28][29]
Commissions
According to the law, a Provincial DPRD with 35–55 members may establish 4 commissions, and one with more than 55 members may establish 5 commissions.[30] The West Java DPRD consists of five commissions as follows:[31]
Legislative Bodies
The DPRD of West Java also has several other legislative bodies, including the Budget Agency, Deliberative Body, Regional Regulation Formation Agency, and the Honorary Council. The Deliberative and Budget agencies are chaired ex officio by the DPRD leadership. The following are the current leaders:[32]
Partners
Commission I (Government)
- Inspectorate of West Java Province
- Secretariat of the West Java DPRD
- Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of West Java Province
- Community and Village Empowerment Office of West Java Province
- Communication and Informatics Office of West Java Province
- Population and Civil Registration Office of West Java Province
- Civil Service Police Unit of West Java Province
- Human Resources Development Agency of West Java Province
- Regional Personnel Agency of West Java Province
- National Unity and Politics Agency of West Java Province
- Financial and Regional Asset Management Agency of West Java Province
- Liaison Agency of West Java Province
- Research and Regional Development Agency of West Java Province
- Regional Secretariat of West Java Province
- Administrative Assistant
- Expert Staff to the Governor for Government, Law, Politics
- Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services
- Bureau of Law and Human Rights
- Bureau of Leadership Administration
- Bureau of Organization
- Bureau of Government and Regional Autonomy
- General Bureau
Commission II (Economy)
- Plantation Service
- Forestry Service
- Cooperatives and Small Business Service
- Industry and Trade Service
- Food Crops and Livestock Service
- Food Security and Livestock Service
- Marine and Fisheries Service
- Tourism and Culture Service
- Economic Service
Commission III (Finance)
- West Java Province Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office
- West Java Province Regional Revenue Agency
- West Java Province Financial and Asset Management Agency
- BUMD and Investment Bureau - West Java Provincial Secretariat
- PT BIJB
- PT Migas Utama Jabar
- PT Migas Hilir Jabar
- Bank BJB
- BJB Syariah
- PT Jasa Sarana
- PT Agronesia
- PT Agro Jabar
Commission IV (Development)
- West Java Provincial Highways and Spatial Planning Agency
- West Java Provincial Housing and Settlement Agency
- West Java Provincial Water Resources Agency
- West Java Provincial Energy and Mineral Resources Agency
- West Java Provincial Transportation Agency
- West Java Provincial Environmental Agency
- West Java Provincial Development Planning Agency
Commission V (Welfare)
- West Java Provincial Education Agency
- West Java Provincial Health Agency
- West Java Provincial Social Service
- West Java Provincial Manpower and Transmigration Agency
- West Java Provincial Youth and Sports Agency
- West Java Provincial Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning Agency
- West Java Provincial Disaster Management Agency
- West Java Provincial Library and Archives Agency
- Assistant I for Social Welfare - Government, Law and Social Welfare
- Bureau of Public Welfare - West Java Provincial Secretariat
- Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital, West Java Province
- West Java Provincial Mental Hospital
- West Java Provincial Lung Hospital
- Health Hospital West Java Province Work
- Pameungpeuk Regional Hospital, West Java Province
- Jampang Kulon Regional Hospital, West Java Province
- West Java Health Laboratory
- West Java KONI
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Electoral districts
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In the 2019 legislative election[33] and 2024 legislative election,[34] the West Java Provincial DPRD election is divided into 15 electoral districts known as Dapil (constituency) as follows:
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List of members
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Current members
2024–2029 Period
The following is a list of members of the West Java DPRD for the 2024-2029 period.[35][36][25][32]
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See also
References
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