William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland

William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland, PC (24 June 1768 – 27 March 1854), styled Marquess of Titchfield until 1809, was a British politician who served in various positions in the governments of George Canning and Lord Goderich.

His Grace The Duke of Portland PC
Portrait by Francis Grant, c. 1852
Lord Privy Seal
In office 30 April 1827 – July 1827
Monarch	George IV
Prime Minister	George Canning
Preceded by	The Earl of Westmorland
Succeeded by	The Earl of Carlisle
Lord President of the Council
In office 17 August 1827 – 21 January 1828
Monarch	George IV
Prime Minister	The Viscount Goderich
Preceded by	The Earl of Harrowby
Succeeded by	The Earl Bathurst
Member of Parliament for Petersfield
In office 29 December 1790 – 18 April 1791
Preceded by	Hon. George North William Jolliffe
Succeeded by	Welbore Ellis William Jolliffe
Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire
In office 18 April 1791 – 30 October 1809
Preceded by	The Earl Verney James Grenville
Succeeded by	Earl Temple William Selby Lowndes
Personal details
Born	William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (1768-06-24)24 June 1768 London, England[1]
Died	27 March 1854(1854-03-27) (aged 85) Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, England
Political party	Conservative
Spouse	Henrietta Scott ​ ​ (m. 1795; died 1844)​
Children	9, including William, John, George, and Henry
Parent(s)	William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland Lady Dorothy Cavendish

Background and education

Portland was the eldest son of Prime Minister William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland and Lady Dorothy, daughter of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire and Charlotte Boyle, Baroness Clifford. He was the elder brother of Lord William Bentinck and Lord Charles Bentinck.^[2]

He was educated first in Ealing under the tutelage of Samuel Goodenough graduating in 1774, followed by Westminster School (1783). He attended Christ Church, Oxford for two years but did not take a degree.^[1] The third Duke, who spared no expense for his heir, sent him to The Hague in 1786 for experience working with the crown's envoy, Sir James Harris. He returned in 1789.^[3]

He later received an honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law from Oxford in 1793.^[1] He also served as a Family Trustee of the British Museum;^[2] in 1810, he loaned the famed Portland Vase to the museum.^[4]

Political career

William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland, as a child

Portland was Member of Parliament for Petersfield between 1790 and 1791 and for Buckinghamshire between 1791 and 1809.^[3]

He served under his father as a Lord of the Treasury between March and September 1807. He remained out of office until April 1827 when he was appointed Lord Privy Seal by his brother-in-law George Canning.^[5] He was sworn of the Privy Council the same year.^[5] When Lord Goderich became Prime Minister in August 1827, Portland became Lord President of the Council,^[6] an office he retained until the government fell in January 1828. Over time the Duke became less of a staunch Conservative, softening to some of the more liberal stances of Canning.^[1]

Portland also held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex between 1794 and 1841.

Family

Portland married Henrietta, eldest daughter and heiress of Major-General John Scott of Fife and his wife Margaret (née Dundas), in London on 4 August 1795. At the time of his marriage he obtained Royal Licence to take the name and arms of Scott in addition to that of Cavendish-Bentinck. They were parents of nine children:^[2][7]

• William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield (22 October 1796 – 5 March 1824)
• Lady Margaret Harriet Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (21 April 1798 – 9 April 1882)
• Lady Caroline Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (6 July 1799 – 23 January 1828)
• William John Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (12 September 1800 – 6 December 1879)
• Lord William George Frederick Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (27 February 1802 – 21 September 1848)
• Lord Henry William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (9 June 1804 – 31 December 1870)
• Lady Charlotte Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (14 Jan 1806 – 30 September 1889), married Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington
• Lady Lucy Joan Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (27 August 1807 – 29 July 1899), married Charles Ellis, 6th Baron Howard de Walden
• Lady Mary Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (8 July 1809 – 20 July 1874), married Sir William Topham

Death and legacy

The Duchess of Portland died on 24 April 1844.^[1] Nearly 10 years later, Portland died at the family seat of Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, in March 1854, aged 85. Two of their sons predeceased their parents; their eldest dying of a brain lesion and their third son dying of a heart attack.

The duke expressed a desire to be buried in the open churchyard in Bolsover, Derbyshire, near the other family seat at Bolsover Castle. However, he was instead interred in the ancient Cavendish vault, that had previously been unopened for 138 years.^[7]

He was succeeded in the dukedom by his second son (but the eldest surviving), William.

The department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham holds a number of papers relating to Portland: His personal and political papers are part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection while the Portland (London) Collection contains papers relating to his estate business. The Portland Estate Papers held at Nottinghamshire Archives also contain items relating to Portland's properties.

Arms

Coat of arms of William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland

Notes The title Duke of Portland was created by George I in 1716 . Coronet A Coronet of a Duke Crest Out of a ducal coronet proper two arms counter-embowed vested Gules, on the hands gloves Or, each holding an ostrich feather Argent (Bentinck); A snake nowed proper (Cavendish) Escutcheon Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Azure a cross moline Argent (Bentinck); 2nd and 3rd, Sable three stags' heads cabossed Argent attired Or, a crescent for difference (Cavendish) Supporters Two lions double queued, the dexter Or and the sinister sable Motto Craignez Honte (Fear Dishonour)

Titles

His full titles were Duke of Portland, Marquess of Titchfield, Earl of Portland, Viscount Woodstock, and Baron Cirencester.^[2]

• The Most Honourable William Cavendish-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield (1768–1795)
• The Most Honourable William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield (1795–1809)
• His Grace The Duke of Portland (1809–1854)

Ancestors

Ancestors of William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland

8. Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland 4. William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland 9. Lady Elizabeth Noel 2. William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of Great Britain 10. Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer 5. Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley 11. Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles 1. William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland 12. William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire 6. William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, Prime Minister of Great Britain 13. Catherine Hoskins 3. Lady Dorothy Cavendish 14. Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington 7. Charlotte Boyle, 6th Baroness Clifford 15. Lady Dorothy Savile

See also

• English Education Act 1835