Erica carnea

Erica carnea, the winter heath,^[1] winter-flowering heather, spring heath or alpine heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to mountainous areas of central, eastern and southern Europe, where it grows in coniferous woodlands or stony slopes.

Erica carnea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Erica
Species:	E. carnea
Binomial name
Erica carnea L.
Synonyms
Erica herbacea Erica mediterranea

Description

It is a low-growing, spreading subshrub reaching 10–25 centimetres (4–10 inches) tall, with evergreen needle-like leaves 4–8 millimetres (1⁄8–3⁄8 in) long, borne in whorls of four. The flowers are produced in racemes in late winter to early spring, often starting to flower while the plant is still covered in snow; the individual flower is a slender bell-shape, 4–6 mm (3⁄16–1⁄4 in) long, dark reddish-pink, rarely white.

Taxonomy

The first published name for the species was Erica herbacea; however, the name E. carnea (published three pages later in the same book) is so widely used, and the earlier name so little, that a formal proposal to conserve the name E. carnea over E. herbacea was accepted by the International Botanical Congress in 1999.

The Latin specific epithet carnea means "flesh pink".^[2]

Cultivation

Cultivar series Springwood

A close-up of the flower and leaf

Erica carnea was being cultivated in the United Kingdom as early as 1763.^[3] It is very widely grown as an ornamental plant for its winter flowering; over 100 cultivars have been selected for variation in flower and leaf colour. Unlike most species of Erica, which are typically calcifuges, it tolerates mildly alkaline as well as acidic soils, making it easier to grow in many areas. Like other species within the genus Erica it is often seen as groundcover amongst plantings of dwarf conifers.^[4]

The following cultivars, forms and hybrids have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:^[5]

• 'Adrienne Duncan'^[6]
• 'Ann Sparkes' ^[7]
• 'Challenger'^[8]
• 'Eva' ^[9]
• 'Loughrigg'^[10]
• 'March Seedling' ^[11]
• 'Myretoun Ruby'^[12]
• 'Nathalie'^[13]
• 'Pink Spangles'^[14]
• 'Rosalie'^[15]
• 'Vivellii'^[16]
• 'Wintersonne' ^[17]
• E. carnea f. alba (white-flowered):
  • 'Golden Starlet'^[18]
  • 'Ice Princess'^[19]
  • 'Isabell'^[20]
  • 'Springwood White'^[21]
• E. carnea f. aureifolia (golden-leaved):
  • 'Foxhollow'^[22]
  • 'Westwood Yellow'^[23]
• E. × darleyensis (E. carnea × E. erigena)^[4]
  • 'Jenny Porter'^[24]