By-wire

By-wire refers to technologies in which a system is controlled using electrical or electronic means rather than by a mechanical linkage that transfers force from the input to the system. The concept is used in aviation and in the automotive industry.^[1] By analogy, it may refer to managing by wire, a management style relying on an informational representations of the business, similar to fly-by-wire pilots who rely on an informational representation of the plane.^[2]

By-wire concepts and systems include:

• Drive by wire in automotive contexts
  • Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire,^[3] more commonly known as electronic throttle control
  • Brake-by-wire
  • Shift-by-wire in automatic transmissions that are manumatic or in automated manual transmissions. This may include park by wire which actuates the parking pawl as part of the shifting system.
  • Steer-by-wire
• Fly-by-wire in aviation contexts
  • Power-by-wire, a system which actuates the aircraft's flight controls with electrical actuators in place of hydraulic actuators.^[4]