List of private spaceflight companies

Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately-owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities.

List of abbreviations used in this article
LEO: Low Earth orbit GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit HCO: Heliocentric orbit VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts

• Association of Spaceflight Professionals^[1][2] — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)^[1][3]

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Main article: List of spacecraft manufacturers

Cargo transport vehicles

See also: Comparison of space station cargo vehicles

Company name	Spacecraft	Launch system	Length (m)	Dry mass (kg)	Launch mass (kg)	Payload (kg)	Payload volume (m3)	Return payload (kg)	Diameter (m)	Generated power (W)	Automated docking	Status
SpaceX	Dragon	Falcon 9 Block 5	6.1	4,200[4]	10,200	6,000[5] pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[6]	10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[7]	3,000 capsule return[8]	3.7	2,000[9]	No	Retired (21/22)
	Dragon 2	Falcon 9 Block 5	8.1	6,400		6,000[5]	10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized)	3,000[5]	3.7		Yes	Operational (10/10)
Orbital	Cygnus (standard)	Antares 110	5.14	1,500[10]		2,000[10]	18.9[10]	None	3.07	3,500[11]	No	Retired (3/4)
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems	Cygnus (enhanced)	Antares 230 Atlas V 401 Falcon 9 Block 5	6.34	1,800[12]		3,500[12]	27[12]	None	3.07		No	Operational (16/16)
Sierra Space	Dream Chaser Cargo System	Atlas V Vulcan[13]	16.8[14]			5,000 pressurized, 500 unpressurized[15]		1,750[15]			Yes	Development Planned: 2025

Crew transport vehicles

See also: Comparison of crewed space vehicles

Orbital

Company name	Spacecraft	Range	Launch system	Crew size	Length (m)	Diameter (m)	Launch mass (kg)	Power system	First spaceflight*	Status
Blue Origin	Biconic Space Vehicle	LEO	New Glenn						Planned date not known	Development
Boeing	CST-100 Starliner	LEO	Multiple, initially Atlas V	7[16]	5.03[17]	4.56[17]	13,000	Solar panels	Crewed: 5 June 2024 (Uncrewed: 20 December 2019)	Operational
Sierra Space	Dream Chaser Space System	LEO	Multiple, initially Vulcan Centaur	7[18]	9[19]		11,300[20]		2026[21]	Development
SpaceX	Dragon 2	LEO	Falcon 9 Block 5	7[note 1]	8.1[22]	3.7[23]	up to 6,000	Solar	Crewed: May 30, 2020 (Uncrewed: 2 March 2019)	Operational (18/18)
	Starship	Mars[24][note 2]	Super Heavy		50[24]	9[24][note 3]	1,335,000[24]	Solar panels	Planned: First Crewed date not known (First Uncrewed: 20 April 2023)	Testing (1/3)

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures

1. Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISS
2. Although designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in the Solar System^{[citation needed]}, this vehicle's intended maximum range (after refueling in LEO) is Mars
3. Plus fins/legs

Suborbital

See also: Ansari X Prize § Contestants

Company name	Spacecraft	Range	Launch system	Crew size	Length (m)	Diameter (m)	Launch mass (kg)	First spaceflight*	Status
Scaled Composites	SpaceShipOne	100 km (62 mi)	White Knight	1	8.53	8.05	3,600	21 June 2004	Retired (3/3)[note 1]
Blue Origin	New Shepard Crew Capsule	114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor)	New Shepard	6		3.6		Crewed: July 20, 2021 (Uncrewed: April 29, 2015)	Operational (23/24)
The Spaceship Company	SpaceShipTwo	110 km (68 mi)	White Knight Two	8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers)	18.3	8.3	9,740	13 December 2018	Testing (10/11)[note 2]
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3]	Tycho Deep Space	105 km (65 mi)	Spica	1	13	0.955	4,000	Planned date not known	Development
PD AeroSpace	(Unknown)	110 km (68 mi)[25]	(Unknown)	8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots)	14.8[26]		>6,000	Planned date not known	Development
World View	Explorer Capsule	30 km (19 mi)	Stratospheric Balloon	10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge)		5.5	4,500	Planned 2024	Development

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures

1. Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
2. Does not include powered flights not intended to reach space
3. Denmark's amateur human space program.

Launch vehicle manufacturers

Further information: List of orbital launch systems

Company name	Launcher name	Launcher type	No. of stages	Maximum reach	Launcher status	Maiden flight	Ref
ABL Space Systems	RS1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Retired (0/1)	10 January 2023	[27]
Agnikul Cosmos	Agnibaan	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	Unknown
Alpha Impulsion	Grenat	Light rocket	1	LEO	Development	Unknown	[28]
ARCA Space	Haas 2b	Suborbital crewed rocket	1	Suborbital	Cancelled	—	[29]
	Haas 2CA	Light rocket	1	LEO	Cancelled	—	[30]
	Super Haas	Medium rocket	2	LEO	Proposed	Unknown	[31]
	EcoRocket Demonstrator	Reusable light rocket	3	LEO	Development	2022 (planned)	[32]
	EcoRocket Heavy	Heavy rocket	3	Deep space	Proposed	Unknown	[32]
Australian Space Research Institute	AUSROC Nano	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	Unknown	[33]
Astra Space	Astra Rocket 1	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Retired (0/1)	2018	[34][35][36]
	Astra Rocket 2	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Retired (0/1)	2018	[37]
	Astra Rocket 3	Light rocket	2	LEO	Retired (2/5)	2020	[38][39]
	Astra Rocket 4	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023 (planned)	[40][41]
	SALVO	Light rocket	2	LEO	Cancelled	—	[42][43][44]
Bellatrix Aerospace	Chetak	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023 (planned)
Blue Origin	New Shepard	Reusable suborbital rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (22/23)	2015
	New Glenn	Reusable heavy rocket	2 or 3	GTO	Operational (1/1)	2025	[45][46][47]
	New Armstrong	Reusable super-heavy rocket	3	HCO	Proposed	~2030 (proposed)
BluShift Aerospace	Stardust	Reusable sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (1/1)	2020
	Starless Rogue	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Development	Unknown
	Brown Dwarf	Sounding rocket	2 or 3	Suborbital	Cancelled	—
	Red Dwarf	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	Q2 2024 (planned)
Borneo SubOrbitals	TBA	Sounding rocket	2 or 3	Suborbital	Development	2022 (planned)	[48][49][50]
Canadian Arrow	Canadian Arrow	Suborbital crewed rocket	2	Suborbital	Cancelled	—	[51]
CubeCab	Cab-3A	Light rocket	3 + airplane	LEO	Proposed	Unknown	[52][53]
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C.	JFCR.2000-Pollux	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Development	Unknown	[54][55]
Dawn Aerospace	Mk-II Aurora	Light Rocket		Suborbital	Test flights (3/3)	2023	[56]
Evolution Space	Gold Chain Cowboy	Sounding Rocket	1	Suborbital	Development	2023	[57][58]
Exos Aerospace	SARGE	Reusable sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (3/4)	2018	[59][60]
Equatorial Space Systems	Volans	Light Rocket	3	LEO	Development	Unknown	[61]
	Dorado	Sounding Rocket	1 or 2	Suborbital	Development	2023 (planned)	[62]
	LAD	Sounding Rocket	1	Suborbital	Retired (1/1)	2020	[63]
Firefly Aerospace	Firefly Alpha	Light rocket	2	LEO	Operational (4/5)	2021	[64]
	Firefly MLV	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2026 (planned)	[65]
Galactic Energy	Ceres-1	Light Rocket	4	LEO	Operational (13/14)	2020	[66]
General Astronautics	Urania	Medium rocket	3	LEO	Cancelled	—	[67][68]
Gilmour Space Technologies	RASTA	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Retired (1/1)	2016	[69]
	Eris	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	April 2023 (Planned)	[69]
Generation Orbit	X-60A (GOLauncher 1)	Air-launched sounding rocket	1 + airplane	Suborbital	Development	Unknown	[70][71]
	GOLauncher 2	Air-launch-to-orbit	2 + airplane	LEO	Development	Unknown
Independence-X Aerospace	DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle)	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023 (planned)	[72][73]
Interorbital Systems	NEPTUNE N series	Light rocket	3–4	LEO	Development	Unknown	[74][75]
	NEPTUNE N36	Light rocket	4	TLI	Proposed	Unknown	[74][75]
	Neptune TSAAHTO	Medium rocket	2½	TLI	Proposed	Unknown	[74]
Interstellar Technologies	Momo	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (3/7)	2017	[76][77]
Isar Aerospace	Spectrum	Light rocket	2	LEO	Testing (0/1)	2025	[78]
Launcher	Light	Light rocket	2	LEO	Cancelled	—	[79]
Leaf Space	Primo	Light rocket	2	LEO	Proposed	Unknown	[80][81]
Lesath International	Telson	Reusable Light Rocket	2	LEO	Development	2029 (Planned)
Lesath International	Scorpion	Reusable Medium Rocket	2	TMI	Proposed	Unknown
Lin Industrial	Taymyr	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	Unknown	[82][83]
Lockheed Martin	VentureStar	Reusable spaceplane	1	LEO	Cancelled	—	[84]
	Athena	Medium rocket	2 or 3	TLI	Retired (5/7)	1995
Mishaal Aerospace	M-SV	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Development	Unknown	[85][86][87]
	M-OV	Light rocket	1 + 6 Boosters	LEO	Development	Unknown	[85][86][88]
	M-LV	Light rocket	1 + 8 boosters	TLI	Development	Unknown	[85][86][89]
OneSpace	OS-X	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Operational (2/2)	2018	[90]
	OS-M1	Light rocket	3	LEO	Operational (0/1)	2019	[91]
	OS-M2	Light rocket	3 + 2 boosters	LEO	Development	Unknown	[92]
	OS-M4	Light rocket	3 + 4 boosters	LEO	Development	Unknown	[93]
Orbex	Prime	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023 (planned)	[94]
OrbitX	Haribon SLS-1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023–2024 (planned)
Outerstellar Space	Crocoship	Medium rocket	1	LEO	Development	2040 (planned)	[95]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems	Antares	Medium rocket	3	LEO	Operational (17/18)	2013	[96]
	Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus	Light rocket	4	LEO	Operational (7/10)	1994	[97][98][99]
	Pegasus	Air-launch-to-orbit	3-4 + airplane	HEO	Operational (40/45)	1990
	Omega	Medium rocket	3 + 0-6 boosters	GEO	Cancelled	(Was planned for 2021)	[100]
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG	OTRAG	Medium rocket	variable	LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved)	Retired (15/18)	1977	[101]
Perigee Aerospace	Blue Whale 1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2025	[102][103]
PLD Space	Miura 1	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (1/1)	6 October 2023	[104][105][106][107][108]
	Miura 5	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	2024 (planned)	[107]
Relativity Space	Terran 1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Retired (0/1)	23 March 2023	[109][110]
	Terran R	Reusable heavy rocket	2	Deep space	Development	2024 (planned)	[111]
Rocket Crafters	Intrepid-1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	Unknown	[112][113]
Rocket Lab	Ātea-1	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Retired (1/1)	2009	[114][115]
	Ātea-2	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Cancelled	—	[116]
	Electron	Reusable light rocket	2	TLI	Operational (34/37)	2017	[117]
	Neutron	Reusable medium rocket	2	GTO	Development	2024 (planned)	[118][119]
RocketStar	Star-Lord	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	Unknown	[120]
Rocket Factory Augsburg	RFA One	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	2023 (planned)	[121][122][78]
Skyroot Aerospace	Vikram S	Sounding rocket	3	LEO	Operational	2022 November 18	[123]
	Vikram-II	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	Unknown
	Vikram-III	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	Unknown
Skyrora	Skyrora 1	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Development	Unknown	[124][125][126]
	Skylark Micro	Sounding rocket	2	Suborbital	Operational (1/1)	2021	[127]
	Skylark L	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Development	2022 (planned)	[128][129]
	Skyrora XL	Light rocket	3	LEO	Development	2023 (planned)	[130][131][132][133]
SpaceForest	Bigos	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (5/5)	2015	[134]
	Candle-2	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (1/1)	2016	[135][136][137]
	Perun	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (1/1)	2020[138]	[139]
	SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket)	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Development	2022 (planned)	[134][140]
Space Services Inc.	Percheron	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Cancelled	—	[141]
	Conestoga 1620	Medium rocket	4	LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved)	Retired (0/1)	1995	[141]
SpaceLS	Prometheus-1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	Unknown	[142][143]
Space Pioneer	Tiansuo-1	Vertical landing test stage	1	Suborbital	Development	Unknown	[144]
	Tianlong-1	Light rocket		LEO	Development	Unknown	[144]
SpaceX	Falcon 1	Light rocket	2	LEO	Retired (2/5)	2006	[145]
	Falcon 1e	Light rocket	2	LEO	Cancelled	—	[145]
	Falcon 5	Medium rocket	2	GTO	Cancelled	—	[146]
	Falcon 9 v1.0	Medium rocket	2	GTO (designed) LEO (achieved)	Retired (5/5)	2010	[147]
	Falcon 9 v1.1	Medium rocket	2	HCO	Retired (14/15)	2013	[147]
	Falcon 9 Full Thrust Block 1-4	Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable)	2	TMI[148]	Retired (36/36)	2015	[147]
	Falcon 9 Block 5	Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable)	2	TMI[148]	Operational (455/456)	2018	[149][150]
	Falcon Heavy	Reusable heavy rocket / Super-heavy rocket (expendable)	2 + 2 boosters	Deep space (Pluto)[151]	Operational (11/11)	2018	[147][152]
	Starship Super-Heavy	Reusable super-heavy rocket	2	Deep space	Testing (4/9)	2023
Stoke Space	Nova	Reusable light rocket	2	LEO	Development	Unknown	[153]
Success Rockets	Nebo 1	Ultralight rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (1/1)	December 2021	[154]
	Stalker	Ultralight rocket	2	LEO	Development	2024	[155]
United Launch Alliance	Atlas V	Medium rocket	2 + 0-5 boosters	TMI	Operational (98/99)	2002	[156]
	Delta II 6000	Medium rocket	2-3 + 9 boosters	GTO	Retired (17/17)	1989	[157]
	Delta II 7000	Light rocket	2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters	GTO	Retired (130/132)	1990	[157]
	Delta II 7000H	Medium rocket	2-3 + 9 boosters	TMI	Retired (6/6)	2003	[157]
	Delta IV	Medium rocket	2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters	GTO	Retired (29/29)	2003	[158]
	Delta IV Heavy	Heavy rocket	2 + 2 boosters	GTO	Retired (14/15)	2004	[159]
	Vulcan	Heavy rocket	2 + 0-6 boosters	GTO	Operational (1/1)	2024	[160][161]
UP Aerospace	Skyloft/Skyloft XL	Sounding rocket	1	Suborbital	Operational (18/19)	2006
	Spyder	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023
Vector Launch	Vector-R	Light rocket	2	LEO	Development	2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017)
	Vector-RE1	Light rocket	2 or 3	LEO	Cancelled	—
	Vector-H	Light rocket	2	LEO	Cancelled	—
	Vector-HE1	Light rocket	2 or 3	LEO	Cancelled	—
Virgin Orbit	LauncherOne	Air-launch-to-orbit	2 + airplane	LEO	Retired (4/6)	2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021)	[162]
X-Bow Systems	Bolt	Light rocket	1	LEO	Development	July 2022	[163][164]
Zero2infinity	Bloostar	Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher)	3 + high-altitude balloon	LEO	Development	Unknown	[165]

Landers, rovers and orbiters

See also: Google Lunar X Prize § Competitors

Company name	Craft name	Craft type	Craft status	Ref
ARCASPACE	ELE (European Lunar Explorer)	lunar orbiter	Development	[166]
Astrobotic Technology	Red Rover	lunar rover	Development	[167]
	Griffin (previously Artemis Lander)	lunar lander	Development	[168]
	Peregrine Lander	lunar lander	Retired	[169][170]
Blue Origin	Blue Moon	lunar lander	Development
	Integrated Lander Vehicle	crewed lunar lander	Development
Dynetics	Dynetics HLS	lunar lander	Development
Euroluna	ROMIT	lunar rover	Cancelled	[171]
Firefly Aerospace	Blue Ghost	lunar lander	Operational
	Elytra	orbital vehicle	Development
Golden Spike Company (defunct)	unnamed	crewed lunar lander	Cancelled	[172]
Hakuto	Sorato	lunar rover	Development	[173][174]
	Tetris	lunar rover	Cancelled	[175]
Independence-X Aerospace	SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander)	lunar lander	Cancelled	[176]
Interorbital Systems	RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever)	lunar lander	Development	[177]
Intuitive Machines	Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[178]	lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle	Operational	[179]
Lunar Mission One	unnamed	lunar lander	Proposed (2014)	[180]
Lunar Outpost	MAPP rover	lunar rover	Testing	[181]
Masten Space Systems	XEUS	lunar lander	Negotiating	[168]
Masten Space Systems	XL-1	lunar lander	Development	[182]
Moon Express	MX-1	lunar lander	Testing	[168][183]
Odyssey Moon	MoonOne (M-1)	lunar rover	Cancelled	[184]
Omega Envoy	Sagan	lunar rover	Cancelled	[185]
OrbitBeyond	Z-01	lunar landers and rovers	Proposed (2018)	[186][187]
PTScientists	Audi Lunar quattro	lunar rover	Testing	[188]
PTScientists	ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module)	lunar lander	Development	[189]
Puli Space Technologies	Puli	lunar rover	Fundraising	[190]
Roscosmos	Luna 25	lunar lander	Crashed	[191]
SpaceX	Starship	crewed mars lander	Development
	Starship HLS	crewed lunar lander	Development
Team FREDNET	Picorover	lunar rover	Cancelled	[192]
Team Italia	AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte)	lunar rover	Cancelled	[193]
Team Indus	HHK-1	lunar lander	Development
Team Indus	ECA	lunar rover	Development
TransOrbital	TrailBlazer	lunar orbiter	Cancelled	[194]
Team Plan B	Plan B	lunar rover	Cancelled
Spacebit	Asagumo	lunar rover	Testing	[195][196]
Space IL	Beresheet	lunar lander	Crashed upon landing
Space Explration Corp	Defiant	lunar lander	Cancelled	[197]
Synergy Moon	Tesla	lunar rover	Development	[198]

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Further information: List of sounding rockets

Company name	Craft name	Craft purpose	Craft status	Ref
TesArc Space	TesAris Satellite Constellation	Testing satellite-based signal detection for defense, security, aviation monitoring, and asset tracking.	Development	"Announcing the Launch of TesArc Space Inc. in Houston, Texas". TesArc Space. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
ARCA	Demonstrator 2b	demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine	Retired
Armadillo Aerospace	Quad	demonstrate VTOL	Retired
ASRI	AUSROC I	systems Testing	Retired
	AUSROC II	payload to 10 km	Retired
	AUSROC 2.5	systems Testing	Testing
	AUSROC III	payload of 150 kg to 500 km	Development
Blue Origin	Goddard	demonstrate VTOL	Retired
Deep Blue Aerospace	Nebula-1	demonstrate VTOL	Development	[199]
Evolution Space	Gold Chain Cowboy	systems testing, payload to 124 km	Development	[200]
Interorbital Systems	Neutrino	systems Testing	Operational
	Tachyon	systems Testing	Operational	[201]
Lockheed Martin	X-33	demonstrate SSTO	Cancelled
Masten Space Systems	XA-0.1	demonstrate VTOL	Retired
	XA-0.1B	Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1	Operational
	XA-0.1E	Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights	Retired (12 flights)
	XA-0.1E2	commercial flights	Destroyed (115 flights)
	XA-0.1E4	commercial flights	Retired (75 flights)
	XA-0.1E5	commercial flights	Operational
	XL-1T	terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander	Development
	Xeus	commercial flights	Cancelled
McDonnell Douglas	DC-X	demonstrate VTOL	Retired (11 test flights)
Origin Space	Yang Wang-1	space mineral resources developer	Development	[202]
Rotary Rocket	Roton ATV	demonstrate VTOL	Retired (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc.	Conestoga I	systems Testing	Retired (1 test)	[141]
SpaceX	Grasshopper	demonstrate VTOL	Retired (8 tests)	[203]
	F9R Dev1	refine VTOL (low altitude)	Destroyed (5 flights)	[204]
	F9R Dev2	refine VTOL (high altitude)	Cancelled
	Starhopper	demonstrate VTOL	Retired (4 test flights)
	Starship prototypes	demonstrate VTOL	Retired (7 test flight)
Swedish Space Corp.	Maxus	payload to 700 km	Operational
	Maser	payload to 300 km	Operational
UP Aerospace	SpaceLoft XL	payload to 140 km	Operational	[205]
World View Enterprises	Stratollite	payload up to 30 km and 300 kg	Operational	[206][207]
zero2infinity	nanobloon 1.0	payload to 32 km	Operational	[208]
	nanobloon 2.0	payload to 33 km	Operational
	microbloon 1.0	payload to 24 km	Operational
	microbloon 2.0	payload to 31 km	Operational
	microbloon 3.0	payload to 27 km	Operational

Propulsion manufacturers

Company name	Engine	Engine type	Applications	Status	Ref
Accion Systems Inc.	MAX-1, TILE	electrospray ion	small satellite/CubeSat	Development	[209][210]
Ad Astra Rocket Company	VASIMR	plasma propulsion	space tug/orbital transfer vehicle	Development	[211]
ARCA	Executor	LOX/RP-1	IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas	Development
ArianeGroup	Vulcain	LH2/LOX	Ariane 5/Ariane 6 Main stage	Operational
Blue Origin	BE-3	LH2/LOX	New Shepard	Operational
	BE-4	LOX/CH 4	Vulcan, New Glenn	Operational
CU Aerospace	PUC	microcavity discharge	small satellite/CubeSat	Development	[212][213]
	CHIPS	resistojet	small satellite/CubeSat	Development	[213][214]
	PPT-11	pulsed plasma	small satellite/CubeSat	Development	[215][216]
Exo Terra Resource	Halo	Hall effect	small satellite/CubeSat	Development	[217]
Firefly Aerospace	Reaver	LOX/RP-1	Firefly Alpha first stage	Operational
	Miranda	LOX/RP-1	Firefly MLV first stage	Development	[65]
Reaction Engines Ltd.	SABRE	hybrid air-breathing/chemical	Skylon	Development	[218]
Rocket Lab	Rutherford	LOX/RP-1	Electron first stage	Operational
	Rutherford Vacuum	LOX/RP-1	Electron second stage	Operational
	Archimedes	LOX/CH 4	Neutron first stage	Development	[219]
Sierra Space	VR35K-A	LH2/LOX	Upper Stage	Development	[220]
SpaceDev	RocketMotorOne	hybrid	SpaceShipOne	Retired	[221]
SpaceX	Kestrel	LOX/RP-1	Falcon 1 second stage	Retired
	Merlin	LOX/RP-1	Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy first stage/boosters	Operational	[222][223][151]
	Merlin Vacuum	LOX/RP-1	Falcon 9 second stage, Falcon Heavy second stage	Operational	[223][151]
	Raptor	LOX/CH 4	SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure, Starship, Starship HLS	Operational	[224]
Virgin Galactic	RocketMotorTwo	hybrid	SpaceShipTwo	Operational
Ursa Major Technologies	Hadley	Jet-A/LOX	Hypersonics, Boost Stage, Upper Stage	Development	[225][226]

Satellite launchers

Company	Launch vehicles	Notes	Refs
Arianespace	Ariane, Vega	Minority owned by some EU states
Astra Space	Rocket 3, Rocket 4	Rocket 3 retired in August 2022	[41]
Firefly Aerospace	Firefly Alpha, Firefly MLV
IHI Corporation	Epsilon	Some R&D by JAXA
Lesath International	Telson, Scorpion
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries	H-IIA	R&D done by JAXA.	[227]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems	Antares, Minotaur	Own launchers, funded by NASA
Rocket Lab	Neutron, Electron
SpaceX	Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy
Sea Launch	Zenit	Owned by S7 Airlines
United Launch Alliance	Atlas V, Vulcan Centaur	50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing
Vaya Space	Dauntless		[228]

Space-based economy

Further information: Space-based economy

Space manufacturing

Company name	Products	Manufacturing craft	Status	Ref
Shackleton Energy Company	propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot	Unknown	Defunct (2020)	[229]
Made In Space	3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics	Unknown	Operational (2018)	[230]
Varda Space Industries	building products in space and bringing them back to earth (ex: ZBLAN, 3d printed organs)	Unknown	Operational (2021)	[231]
Deep Space Industries	propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites	MicroGravity Foundry	Defunct (2020)	[232]
Cosmic Shielding Corporation	Space Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding components	Unknown	Operational (2021)	[233][234]

Space mining

Company name	Body to be mined	Mining craft	Mining status	Ref
AstroForge	Near-Earth asteroids	Brokrr-1, Odin (formerly Brokkr-2)	Development	[235]
Deep Space Industries	Near-Earth asteroids	Prospector-1, Harvestor 1	Defunct (2019)	[236][237]
ispace	Moon	Hakuto-R	Development	[238][239]
Moon Express	Moon	MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9	Development	[240]
Planetary Resources	Near-Earth asteroids	Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300	Cancelled	[241]
Shackleton Energy Company	Moon	TBD	Defunct (2020)	[229]

Space stations

Private Company name	Space Craft name	Space Craft type	Internal volume	Passenger capacity	Craft status	Orbit Around	Ref
Vast	Haven-1	Rigid module	45m3	4	Development	Earth
Axiom Space	Axiom Station	Rigid module		8[242][better source needed]	Development	Earth	[243]
Bigelow Aerospace	Genesis I subscale test spacecraft	Inflatable module	11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[244]	Uncrewed	Derelict, on orbit[245]	Earth	[244]
	Genesis II subscale test spacecraft	Inflatable module	11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)	Uncrewed	Derelict, on orbit[245][246]	Earth	[247][248]
	Galaxy	Inflatable module	16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[249][250]	Uncrewed	Cancelled	Earth	[251]
	Sundancer	Inflatable module	180 m3 (6,357 cu ft)	3	Cancelled	Earth	[252]
	BA 330	Inflatable module	330 m3 (11,654 cu ft)	6	Cancelled[253]	Earth	[254][255][256]
	BA 2100	Inflatable module	2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft)	16	Cancelled[253]	Earth	[257]
	Space Complex Alpha	Inflatable space station	690 m3 (24,367 cu ft)	12	Cancelled	Earth
	Excalibur Almaz	Almaz derivative	Rigid module	3	Cancelled	Earth	[258][259][260]
Galactic Suite Ltd.	Galactic Suite	Rigid module		6	Proposed (2007)	Earth	[261]
Orion Span	Aurora Space Station	Rigid module	160 m3 (5,650 cu ft)	6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists)	Proposed (2018)	Earth	[262][263]
Sierra Space	Large Inflatable Fabric Environment	Inflatable module	300 m3 (10,594 cu ft)	4	Testing	Moon/Mars	[264]
Blue Origin	Orbital Reef	Rigid module	830 m3 (29,311 cu ft)	TBA	Development (2021)	Earth	[265]

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers

Company	Products	Refs
Altius Space Machines	Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators[when?]	[citation needed]
Andrews Space	Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers[when?]	[citation needed]
Alén Space	NanoSats and CubeSats	[266]
Astranis	MicroGEO Satellites
TESBL Aerospace Corporation	In-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, as of 2019[update]	[267] [268]
Axelspace [ja]	CubeSats	[269]
CesiumAstro	Active phased array communications payloads that include RF inter-satellite links as of 2017.	[270][271]
Craig Technologies	Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration[when?]	[272]
EADS Astrium Satellites	Spacecraft and ground segment elements	[citation needed]
EADS Astrium Space Transportation	Launchers and orbital infrastructure	[citation needed]
Innovative Solutions In Space	CubeSat manufacture and operation, as of 2018[update]	[273]
Made in Space	3D printers for use in microgravityas of 2013[update]	[274]
Mynaric	Laser communication for satellites and aircraft	[275]
Portal Space Systems	Satellite buses with a solar thermal propulsion system	[276][277]
RUAG Space	Antenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures as of 2009[update]	[278][better source needed]
SpaceDev	Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures[when?]	[279]
SpaceQuest, Ltd.	Spacecraft and spacecraft components[when?]	[citation needed]
Xplore	Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active as of 2020[update]	[280]
Cosmic Shielding Corporation	Radiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation	[233]
ADDMAN Engineering	Metallurgy development and production of components including thrusters, injectors, cold plates, hot gas manifolds to space and hypersonic industry, especially refractory metals (Titatnium, Niobium) as of 2020

Spaceliner companies

Company name	Contracts for	Craft utilised	Status	Notes	Refs
Axiom Space	SpaceX	Crew Dragon	Active	SpaceX Axiom Space-1 launched in April 2022	[281][282]
Benson Space Company	SpaceDev	Dream Chaser	Defunct		[283]
MirCorp	none	Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir	Defunct	Mir deorbited
Space Adventures	-	Soyuz and the ISS	Active	9 tourists sent	[284]
RocketShip Tours	XCOR	Lynx rocketplane	Defunct
Virgin Galactic	Scaled Composites	Spaceship Two, White Knight 2	Active	7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed

See also

• List of government space agencies
• List of spacecraft manufacturers including the "traditional space" companies
• NewSpace
• Private spaceflight
• Robert Truax
• Space industry