Ziwiye hoard

The Ziwiye hoard is a treasure hoard containing gold, silver, and ivory objects, also including a few gold pieces with the shape of a human face, that was uncovered in a plot of land outside Ziwiyeh castle, near the city of Saqqez in Kurdistan province, Iran, in 1947.

Ziwiye hoard

Gold rhyton in the form of a ram's head from the hoard, Reza Abbasi Museum, Tehran
Shown within West and Central Asia Show map of West and Central Asia Ziwiye hoard (Iran) Show map of Iran
Coordinates	36°15′44″N 46°41′16″E
Type	Hoard

Duck vase, Louvre

Provenance

Objects from the hoard provide a link between the cultures of the Iranian plateau and the nomadic or Scythian art forms known as the "animal style". "The Scythian motifs adopted by Urartu account for the decoration of the great Treasure of Saqqez brought to light on the south shore of Lake Urmia," was Leonard Woolley's assessment (Woolley 1961 p 176).

Style

The hoard contains objects in four styles: "Median", Assyrian, Scythian, proto-Achaemenid, and the provincial native pieces. Dated ca. 700 BC, this collection of objects illustrates the situation of the Iranian plateau as a crossroads of cultural highways—not least of them the Silk Road—which fused disparate cultures to inform early Iranian art. The objects have also been related to finds at Teppe Hasanlu and Marlyk.^[1]

Current location

Examples of the Ziwiye Treasure are scattered among public and private collections. A 'Ziwiye' provenance may have been applied to comparable objects that have passed through the trade since the 1960s. Items attributed to the hoard are currently in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum in New York, the Louvre in Paris and the British Museum in London.^[2][3][4]

Controversy

The archaeologist Oscar White Muscarella has questioned the whole account of the finding of the hoard (as he has done with the older Oxus Treasure), pointing out that none of the items were excavated under archaeological conditions, but passed through the hands of dealers. He concludes that "there are no objective sources of information that any of the attributed objects actually were found at Ziwiye, although it is probable that some were", and that the objects have no historical and archaeological value as a group",^[5] although many are genuine and "exquisite works of art".^[6] In a later work Muscarella denounced several "Ziwiye" objects as modern forgeries.^[7]

Gallery

• 
  Gold necklaces
• 
  Some pieces of Zewiye hoard
• 
  Gold Rhyton in the form of a Ram's Head
• 
  Golden plaque
• 
  golden plaque
• 
  Jug
• 
  Ram-shaped pottery object
• 
  Duck vase
• 
  Bowl with base
• 
  Marble bowl
• 
  Tray
• 
  Large earthenware jar
• 
  Bracelet
• 
  Soldier
• 
  Golden piece
• 
  Stone base
• 
  Shield
• 
  Necklaces
• 
  Piece

See also

• Ziwiyeh Castle
• Ziviyeh District