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Zuzan
Village in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Zuzan (Persian: زوزن)[a] is a village in, and the capital of, Zuzan Rural District[b] of Jolgeh Zuzan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.[4] The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qasemabad,[5] now a city.[6]
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History
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The earliest artifacts of Zuzan date back to the 4th century. Zuzan was the site of a medieval city, flourishing most notably during the reign of the Khwarazmian Empire. Zuzan was at a distance of other major medieval metropolises such as Khargerd, Nishapur, Herat, Jam, and Merv.[7]
The city was rectangularly planned and contained irrigation systems and dams.[8] Most of the historical remnants of the city have been lost to time,[7] but two major historical monuments remain, the Zuzan Madrasa and the Malek Zuzan Mosque.
The historical city is on the Iranian tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage nomination.[8]
Zuzan Madrasa
Although only parts of the inscription containing the date of the monument remain, this monument can be dated to 1219.[9] Andre Godard, a French archaeologist first described the building and attributed it to the Khwarazmian Empire in 1949.[10] Godard initially misidentified the building as a mosque but an inscription dedicated to Abu Hanifa shows that the building was actually an Hanafite madrasa.[11]
Architecturally, the madrasa is influenced by Ghurid and Khwarazmian architecture.[12] The building used a typical four-iwan plan type of the region, although only two iwans now remain. The building contains sophisticated ceramics and highly stylized inscriptions.[13]
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Demographics
Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,183 in 479 households.[14] The following census in 2011 counted 2,585 people in 626 households.[15] The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,677 people in 744 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.[2]
Notable people
- Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad, founding leader of the Druze.[16]
- Abu Sahl Zawzani, Persian statesman who served as the chief secretary of the Ghaznavids briefly in 1040, and later from 1041 to an unknown date was from Zuzan.[17]
- Qiwam al-Din Muayyid al-Mulk Abu Bakr ibn Ali al-Zuzani, the governor of the area from the 1200 to 1220, who constructed the most notable sites in the village; the Madrasa and Mosque of Malek Zuzan.[10]
See also
Notes
- Formerly Jolgeh Zuzan Rural District[4]
References
Sources
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