κάλυξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps related to καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), despite the difference in the final consonant. The expected form would be *κάλυψ (*kálups). Ultimately probably from Pre-Greek, perhaps related to Sumerian 𒃲(GAL).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ká.lyks/ → /ˈka.lyks/ → /ˈka.liks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ká.lyks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈka.liks/

Noun

κᾰ́λῠξ • (kắlŭx) f or m (genitive κᾰ́λῠκος); third declension

1. A covering of a flower or fruit: calyx, husk, shell, pod
2. (in the plural, epic) Some kind of woman's ornament
3. The alkanet (Anchusa tinctoria, now Alkanna matthioli)

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ / ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ; τοῦ / τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ ho / hē kắlŭx	τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε tṑ kắlŭke	οἱ / αἱ κᾰ́λῠκες hoi / hai kắlŭkes
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος toû / tês kắlŭkos	τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν toîn kălŭ́koin	τῶν κᾰλῠ́κων tôn kălŭ́kōn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ κᾰ́λῠκῐ tōî / tēî kắlŭkĭ	τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν toîn kălŭ́koin	τοῖς / ταῖς κᾰ́λῠξῐ / κᾰ́λῠξῐν toîs / taîs kắlŭxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν κᾰ́λῠκᾰ tòn / tḕn kắlŭkă	τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε tṑ kắlŭke	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λῠκᾰς toùs / tā̀s kắlŭkăs
Vocative	κᾰ́λῠξ kắlŭx	κᾰ́λῠκε kắlŭke	κᾰ́λῠκες kắlŭkes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (Alkanet): ἄγχουσα (ánkhousa)

Descendants

• Greek: κάλυκας (kálykas)
• → Latin: calyx
  • → English: calyx
  • → Galician: cáliz
  • → Italian: calice
  • → Portuguese: cálice
  • → Spanish: cáliz

References

• “κάλυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κάλυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κάλυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κάλυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bud idem, page 102.
  • cup idem, page 189.
  • ear idem, page 258.
  • husk idem, page 412.
  • pod idem, page 622.