νεφρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Latin nefrōnes and Proto-Germanic *neurô.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ne.pʰrós/ → /neˈɸros/ → /neˈfros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ne.pʰrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /neˈpʰros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /neˈɸros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /neˈfros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /neˈfros/

Noun

νεφρός • (nephrós) m (genitive νεφροῦ); second declension

1. (anatomy, usually in the plural) kidney
2. (euphemistic) testicle
3. mind

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ νεφρός; τοῦ νεφροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ νεφρός ho nephrós	τὼ νεφρώ tṑ nephrṓ	οἱ νεφροί hoi nephroí
Genitive	τοῦ νεφροῦ toû nephroû	τοῖν νεφροῖν toîn nephroîn	τῶν νεφρῶν tôn nephrôn
Dative	τῷ νεφρῷ tōî nephrōî	τοῖν νεφροῖν toîn nephroîn	τοῖς νεφροῖς toîs nephroîs
Accusative	τὸν νεφρόν tòn nephrón	τὼ νεφρώ tṑ nephrṓ	τοὺς νεφρούς toùs nephroús
Vocative	νεφρέ nephré	νεφρώ nephrṓ	νεφροί nephroí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• νεφρῖτις (nephrîtis)

Descendants

• → English: nephros, nephro-
• Greek: νεφρό (nefró) (neuter)

Further reading

• “νεφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “νεφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• νεφρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G3510 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• νεφρός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Greek

Noun

νεφρός • (nefrós) m (plural νεφροί)

1. (formal) form of νεφρό n (nefró, “kidney”)

Declension

Declension of νεφρός

	singular	plural
nominative	νεφρός (nefrós)	νεφροί (nefroí)
genitive	νεφρού (nefroú)	νεφρών (nefrón)
accusative	νεφρό (nefró)	νεφρούς (nefroús)
vocative	νεφρέ (nefré)	νεφροί (nefroí)