παγκράτιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From παγκρατής (pankratḗs, “all powerful”) +‎ -ιον (-ion), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all, every”) +‎ κράτος (krátos, “strength, power”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /paŋ.krá.ti.on/ → /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/ → /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /paŋ.krá.ti.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paŋˈkra.ti.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/

Noun

πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον • (pănkrắtĭon) n (genitive πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου); second declension

1. pankration, a complete contest, an exercise of the Greek youths which combined both wrestling and boxing
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric I.5,14
   • Xenophanes 2(5).3
2. sea onion (Drimia maritima)
   • Pedanius Dioscorides, Materia Medica 2.203

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον; τοῦ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον tò pănkrắtĭon	τὼ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω tṑ pănkrătĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ tằ pănkrắtĭă
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου toû pănkrătĭ́ou	τοῖν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οιν toîn pănkrătĭ́oin	τῶν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ων tôn pănkrătĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ῳ tōî pănkrătĭ́ōi	τοῖν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οιν toîn pănkrătĭ́oin	τοῖς πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οις toîs pănkrătĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον tò pănkrắtĭon	τὼ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω tṑ pănkrătĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ tằ pănkrắtĭă
Vocative	πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον pănkrắtĭon	πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω pănkrătĭ́ō	πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ pănkrắtĭă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πᾰγκρᾰτῐᾰ́ζω (pănkrătĭắzō)
• πᾰγκρᾰτῐᾰστής (pănkrătĭăstḗs)
• πᾰγκρᾰτῐᾰστῐκός (pănkrătĭăstĭkós)

Descendants

• → English: pankration
• → Latin: pancratium, pancration
  • → English: pancratium
  • → French: pancrace

Further reading

• “παγκράτιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “παγκράτιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• παγκράτιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “παγκράτιον”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• παγκράτιον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften