ψάμμος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Could be from a *ψάφμος (*psáphmos) (compare the pair γράφω (gráphō), γράμμα (grámma)), and thus perhaps related to ψαφαρός (psapharós, “powdery, sandy”), ψῆφος (psêphos, “pebble”), as well as Latin sabulum. Possibly from the same root as ψῆν (psên, “to rub, grate, scratch”), though the formal relationship, if there is one, is unknown. Onomatopoeia may be involved.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /psám.mos/ → /ˈpsam.mos/ → /ˈpsa.mos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /psám.mos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpsam.mos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpsam.mos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpsam.mos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpsa.mos/

Noun

ψᾰ́μμος • (psắmmos) f or m (genitive ψᾰ́μμου); second declension

1. sand

   Synonym: ψάμαθος (psámathos)

2. something worthless
3. metallic ore used by alchemists
4. desert

Usage notes

• Normally feminine, sometimes masculine.

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ / ἡ ψᾰ́μμος; τοῦ / τῆς ψᾰ́μμου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ ψᾰ́μμος ho / hē psắmmos	τὼ ψᾰ́μμω tṑ psắmmō	οἱ / αἱ ψᾰ́μμοι hoi / hai psắmmoi
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς ψᾰ́μμου toû / tês psắmmou	τοῖν ψᾰ́μμοιν toîn psắmmoin	τῶν ψᾰ́μμων tôn psắmmōn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ ψᾰ́μμῳ tōî / tēî psắmmōi	τοῖν ψᾰ́μμοιν toîn psắmmoin	τοῖς / ταῖς ψᾰ́μμοις toîs / taîs psắmmois
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν ψᾰ́μμον tòn / tḕn psắmmon	τὼ ψᾰ́μμω tṑ psắmmō	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς ψᾰ́μμους toùs / tā̀s psắmmous
Vocative	ψᾰ́μμε psắmme	ψᾰ́μμω psắmmō	ψᾰ́μμοι psắmmoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ψάμμινος (psámminos)
• ψαμμόγεως (psammógeōs)
• ψαμμοδύτης (psammodútēs)
• ψαμμοειδής (psammoeidḗs)

Related terms

• ἄμμος (ámmos, “sand”)

References

• “ψάμμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ψάμμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ψάμμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ψάμμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ψάμμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ψάμμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ψῆν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1665–1666
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ψῆφος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1666–1667