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душа
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Belarusian
Etymology
From Old East Slavic доуша (duša, “soul”), from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation
Noun
душа́ • (dušá) f inan (genitive душы́, nominative plural ду́шы, genitive plural душ)
Declension
Declension of душа́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d)
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
- “душа” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
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Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic доуша (duša), from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation
Noun
душа́ • (dušá) f
Declension
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *dušiti.
Pronunciation
Verb
душа́ • (dušá) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to strangle, to choke, to suffocate
- (figurative) to oppress
Conjugation
Conjugation of душа́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
1Largely fallen into disuse.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Slavic *dušiti.
Pronunciation
Verb
ду́ша • (dúša) first-singular present indicative, impf
- to sniff
- Synonym: мири́ша (miríša)
- (figurative, derogatory, informal) to scout around
Conjugation
Conjugation of ду́ша (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
1Dialectally marked.
References
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Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation
Noun
ду́ша • (dúša) f (plural ду́ши, relational adjective ду́шевен, diminutive ду́шичка or ду́шиче)
- soul
- spirit
- (by extension) inhabitant or individual person/soul
- Пе́т души ― Pét duši ― Five people (literally, “Five souls”)
- (term of endearment) honey, sweetie, darling, dearie (in the vocative)
- ду́шо мо́ја ― dúšo mója ― my darling
- (figurative) engine
Declension
References
- “душа” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
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Old Church Slavonic
Noun
душа • (duša) f
- alternative form of доуша (duša)
Russian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old East Slavic доуша (duša, “soul”), from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation
Noun
душа́ • (dušá) f inan (genitive души́, nominative plural ду́ши, genitive plural душ, relational adjective душе́вный, diminutive ду́шка or ду́шечка or ду́шенька, pejorative душо́нка)
- soul
- не по душе́ ― ne po dušé ― displeases (literally, “not according to the soul”)
- по душе́ ― po dušé ― pleasant (literally, “according to the soul”)
- по душа́м ― po dušám ― heart-to-heart (talk, conversation)
- от души́ ― ot duší ― from the heart
- душа́ нараспа́шку ― dušá naraspášku ― frank-hearted, heart on one's sleeve (literally, “soul wide-open”)
- в глубине́ души́ ― v glubiné duší ― deep in one's heart
- брать за́ ду́шу ― bratʹ zá dúšu ― touch the heart
- душа́ в ду́шу ― dušá v dúšu ― in perfect harmony/concord (literally, “soul for soul”)
- душа́ не на ме́сте ― dušá ne na méste ― anxious, worried (literally, “soul out of place”)
- криви́ть душо́й ― krivítʹ dušój ― to equivocate, prevaricate, bend the truth
- стоя́ть над душо́й ― stojátʹ nad dušój ― to annoy someone in a distractive way, e.g. by constant staring or asking (literally, “stand over (one's) soul”)
- душа́ в пя́тки ушла́ ― dušá v pjátki ušlá ― to have one's heart in one's mouth (literally, “soul went to (one's) heels”)
- залеза́ть в ду́шу кому́-либо ― zalezátʹ v dúšu komú-libo ― to worm oneself into someone's confidence
- души́ не ча́ять ― duší ne čájatʹ ― to adore a person, to dote (literally, “to not expect soul”)
- ско́лько душе́ уго́дно ― skólʹko dušé ugódno ― to one's heart's content (literally, “however pleasing to the soul”)
- с душо́й ― s dušój ― with spirit/feeling/zeal/gusto
- плева́ть в ду́шу ― plevátʹ v dúšu ― to trample on someone's feelings (literally, “spit on the soul”)
- береди́ть ду́шу ― beredítʹ dúšu ― to stir up old feelings
- изли́ть ду́шу ― izlítʹ dúšu ― to pour one's heart out
- на ду́шу населе́ния ― na dúšu naselénija ― per capita of the population
- spirit
- darling
- душа́ моя́! ― dušá mojá! ― my dear!
Declension
Derived terms
Compound words:
- душегу́б m anim (dušegúb)
- душеприка́зчик m anim (dušeprikázčik)
Compounds:
- до́брая душа́ (dóbraja dušá)
- добре́йшей души́ челове́к (dobréjšej duší čelovék)
- душа́ компа́нии (dušá kompánii)
- за ми́лу ду́шу (za mílu dúšu), за ми́лую ду́шу (za míluju dúšu)
- Phrases
- понесла́сь душа́ в рай (poneslásʹ dušá v raj)
- Proverbs
- чужа́я душа́ — потёмки (čužája dušá — potjómki)
Related terms
Close related:
nouns
- великоду́шие (velikodúšije)
- доброду́шие (dobrodúšije)
- ду́шенька (dúšenʹka)
- ду́шечка (dúšečka)
- ду́шка (dúška)
- малоду́шие (malodúšije)
- равноду́шие (ravnodúšije)
adjectives
- безду́шный (bezdúšnyj)
- великоду́шный (velikodúšnyj)
- двоеду́шный (dvojedúšnyj)
- доброду́шный (dobrodúšnyj)
- душевнобольно́й (duševnobolʹnój)
- душе́вный (dušévnyj)
- душераздира́ющий (dušerazdirájuščij)
- единоду́шный (jedinodúšnyj)
- задуше́вный (zadušévnyj)
- малоду́шный (malodúšnyj)
- равноду́шный (ravnodúšnyj)
Other:
Descendants
- → Buryat: дүүшэ (düüše)
- → Yakut: дууһа (duuha)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
ду́ша • (dúša) m inan
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Participle
душа́ • (dušá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of души́ть (dušítʹ)
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Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation
Noun
ду́ша f (Latin spelling dúša)
Declension
Related terms
Further reading
- “душа”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
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Ukrainian
Etymology
From Old East Slavic доуша (duša, “soul”), Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation
Noun
душа́ • (dušá) f inan (genitive душі́, nominative plural ду́ші, genitive plural душ)
Declension
Derived terms
- спорі́днена душа́ f (sporídnena dušá)
Related terms
- душе́вний (dušévnyj)
- душевнохво́рий (duševnoxvóryj)
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “душа”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “душа”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “душа”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “душа”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “душа”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
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