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лук
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Belarusian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫ̑kъ. Cognate with Russian and Ukrainian лук (luk).
Pronunciation
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́кі, genitive plural лу́каў, relational adjective лу́чны)
- bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
- 1941 [1865], Mayne Reid, translated by Уладзімір Ляўданскі, Коннік без галавы, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Headless Horseman, page 101:
- З таго часу як яна пераехала ў Техас, у яе не было яшчэ выпадку вярнуцца да гэтага занятку. Яе прыгожы лук з апельсінавага дрэва і стрэлы з пер'ямі ў хвасце ляжалі без справы ў шафе.
- Z tahó času jak jana pjerajexala ŭ Tjexas, u jaje nje byló jašče vypadku vjarnucca da hetaha zanjatku. Jaje pryhóžy luk z apjelʹsinavaha dreva i strely z pjerʺjami ŭ xvascje ljažali bjez spravy ŭ šafje.
- [original: Since her arrival at Casa del Corvo she had found no occasion to use the weapon of Diana; and her beautiful bow of Osage-orange wood, and quiver of plumed arrows, had lain neglected in the lumber-room.]
- Since her move to Texas, she had found no occasion to get back to this hobby. Her beautiful bow of orange tree wood and plumed arrows had lain neglected in a closet.
Declension
Declension of лук (inan velar masc-form accent-a)
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
- “лук”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
- “лук” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
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Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
лук • (luk) m (relational adjective лу́чен or лу́ков, diminutive лу́кче or лу́чец)
- (collective, uncountable) onion (monocotyledonous flowering plant of genus Allium)
- глава́ лук ― glavá luk ― a bulb of onion
- пре́сен лук ― présen luk ― spring, fresh onion
- сгазвам лука (idiom)
- sgazvam luka
- to get in trouble
- (literally, “to trample over the onions”)
Declension
Hyponyms
- обикнове́н лук (obiknovén luk), кроми́д лук (kromíd luk), черве́н лук (červén luk, “common onion, Allium cepa”)
- див лук (div luk), мечи лук (meči luk, “ramson, Allium ursinum”)
- чесно́в лук (česnóv luk), бял лук (bjal luk, “garlic, Allium sativum”)
- праз лук (praz luk), зе́лен лук (zélen luk, “leek, Allium porum”)
- твърд лук (tvǎrd luk, “bunching onion, Allium fistulosum”)
- вла́шки лук (vláški luk), га́рвански лук (gárvanski luk, “chives, Allium schoenoprasum”)
- лива́дски лук (livádski luk), ко́нски лук (kónski luk, “star-of-Bethlehem, Ornithogalum”)
Derived terms
References
- “лук”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лук”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899), “лукъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 30
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лук¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 496
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Komi-Zyrian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
лук • (luk)
Declension
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
References
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949), Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
- L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 361
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Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
лук • (luk) m (diminutive лукче)
- garlic
- чешне лук ― češne luk ― a clove of garlic
Declension
Further reading
- “лук” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
- “лук” in Официјален дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Oficijalen digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − makedonski.gov.mk (in Macedonian)
- лук in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)
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Russian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *laukaz (compare German Lauch, English leek, Old Norse laukr whence Danish løg and Swedish lök). Cognates include Polabian lauk, Bulgarian лук (luk) and Slovene and Serbo-Croatian luk.
Alternative forms
- лукъ (luk) — pre-reform orthography (1918)
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков, relational adjective лу́ковый)
- (usually uncountable, collectively) onion, onions
- зелёный лук ― zeljónyj luk ― scallion
- лук-поре́й ― luk-poréj ― leek
Declension
Derived terms
- го́ре лу́ковое (góre lúkovoje)
- лук голубо́й (luk golubój)
- лук окру́глый (luk okrúglyj)
- лук-бату́н (luk-batún)
- лук-поре́й (luk-poréj)
- лук-ре́занец (luk-rézanec)
- лук-тата́рка (luk-tatárka)
- лук-чесно́к (luk-česnók)
- лу́ковица (lúkovica)
Descendants
Etymology 2
from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lankas.
Alternative forms
- лукъ (luk) — pre-reform orthography (1918)
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков)
- bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
Declension
Related terms
- лу́чник (lúčnik)
See also
Etymology 3
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ков)
- (colloquial) appearance, clothing style, look
Declension
Etymology 4
Alternative forms
- лукъ (luk) — pre-reform orthography (1918)
Noun
лук • (luk) f inan pl
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Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lukъ, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
лу̏к m inan (Latin spelling lȕk)
Declension
Further reading
- “лук”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lankas.
Pronunciation
Noun
лу̑к m inan (Latin spelling lȗk)
Declension
Further reading
- “лук”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
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Ukrainian
Etymology
From Middle Ukrainian лукъ (luk), from Old East Slavic лукъ (lukŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”).
Pronunciation
Noun
лук • (luk) m inan (genitive лу́ка, nominative plural лу́ки, genitive plural лу́ків)
- bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)
Declension
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лук”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “лук”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
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