حکومت

See also: حكومة and حكومت

Pashto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic حَكَمَ (ḥakama)

Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma)bor.

Classical Persian حُکُومَت (hukūmat)bor.

Pashto حکومت

Borrowed from Classical Persian حُکُومَت (hukūmat), borrowed from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma), from حَكَمَ (ḥakama).

Noun

حکومت • (hukumát) m

1. government

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

حکومت

Wikipedia ^fa

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic حَكَمَ (ḥakama)

Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma)bor.

Persian حکومت

Borrowed from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma), from حَكَمَ (ḥakama).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /hu.kuː.ˈmat/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.kʰuː.mát̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.kʰuː.mát̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.kʰuː.mát̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu.kʰu.mát̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ho.kʰuː.mǽt̪]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hu.kʰu.mát̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	hukūmat
Dari reading?	hukūmat
Iranian reading?	hokumat
Tajik reading?	hukumat

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

حکومت • (hukūmat / hokumat) (plural حکومت‌ها (hukūmat-hā / hokumat-hâ), Tajik spelling ҳукумат)

1. government

Usage notes

• In contemporary Iranian contexts, the word دولت (dowlat, “government”) refers to that section of the government presided by the رئیس‌جمهور (ra'is-jomhur, “President”) and his cabinet. The word حکومت (hokumat, “state”) refers to the entirety of the governmental apparatus under the supervision of the رهبر (rahbar, “Supreme Leader”).

Inflection

Basic forms of حکومت

	singular	plural
bare	حکومت (hokumat)	حکومت‌ها، حکومتا△ (hokumat-hấ, hokumatấ△)
definitive direct object	حکومت را، حکومت رو△ (hokumat râ, hokumato△)	حکومت‌ها را، حکومتا رو△ (hokumat-hấ râ, hokumatấ ro△)
ezâfe	حکومت (hokumat-e)	حکومت‌های، حکومتای△ (hokumat-hấ-ye, hokumatấ-ye△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	حکومتی (hokumat-i)	حکومت‌هایی، حکومتایی△ (hokumatấn-i, hokumat-hấ-i, hokumatấi△)

^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of حکومت

	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	حکومتم (hokumátam)	حکومت‌هایم، حکومت‌هام، حکومتام△ (hokumat-hấyam, hokumatấm△)
2nd person singular (“your”)	حکومتت (hokumátat, hokumátet△)	حکومت‌هایت، حکومت‌هات، حکومتات△ (hokumat-hấyat, hokumatất△)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	حکومتش (hokumátaš, hokumáteš△)	حکومت‌هایش، حکومت‌هاش، حکومتاش△ (hokumat-hấyaš, hokumatấš△)
1st person plural (“our”)	حکومتمان، حکومتمون△ (hokumátemân, hokumátemun△)	حکومت‌هایمان، حکومت‌هامون، حکومتامون△ (hokumat-hấyemân, hokumatấmun△)
2nd person plural (“your”)	حکومتتان، حکومتتون△ (hokumátetân, hokumátetun△)	حکومت‌هایتان، حکومت‌هاتون، حکومتاتون△ (hokumat-hấyetân, hokumatấtun△)
3rd person plural (“their”)	حکومتشان، حکومتشون△ (hokumátešân, hokumátešun△)	حکومت‌هایشان، حکومت‌هاشون، حکومتاشون△ (hokumat-hấyešân, hokumatấšun△)

^△ Colloquial.

Descendants

• Tajik: ҳукумат (hukumat)
• → Azerbaijani: hökumət, hökümət
• → Bashkir: хөкүмәт (xökümət)
• → Bengali: হুকুমত (hukumot)
• → Gujarati: હકૂમત (hakūmat)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: हुकूमत (hukūmat)

  Urdu: حُکُومَت (hukūmat)

• → Kazakh: үкімет (ükımet)
• → Kumyk: гьукумат (hukumat)
• → Kyrgyz: өкмөт (ökmöt)
• → Marathi: हुकमत (hukmat)
• → Pashto: حکومَت (hukumát)
• → Punjabi: ਹਕੂਮਤ (hakūmat)
• → Tatar: хөкүмәт (xökümät)
• → Turkmen: hökümet
• → Uyghur: ھۆكۈمەت (hökümet)
• → Uzbek: hukumat

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic حَكَمَ (ḥakama)

Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma)bor.

Classical Persian حُکُومَت (hukūmat)bor.

Urdu حکومت

Borrowed from Classical Persian حُکُومَت (hukūmat), borrowed from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma), from حَكَمَ (ḥakama).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦʊ.kuː.mət̪/
• (colloquial) IPA^(key): [ɦə.kuː.mət̪]

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ət̪
• Hyphenation: حُ‧کُو‧مَت

Noun

حُکُومَت • (hukūmat) f (Hindi spelling हुकूमत)

1. government

   Synonym: سَرْکَار (sarkār)

2. power, reign, rule

   Synonym: دَور (daur)

3. jurisdiction; authority

   Synonym: اِخْتِیَار (ixtiyār)

Usage notes

• (Sense 1): In Pakistan, this term is preferred over the now-proscribed term سَرْکَار (sarkār), except in certain historical contexts and the derived term سَرْکَارِی (sarkārī). In India, both terms are used, but حُکُومَت (hukūmat) is mostly used in formal contexts, whereas سَرْکَار (sarkār) is used in both formal and informal contexts.

Declension

Declension of حکومت

	singular	plural
direct	حُکُومَت (hukūmat)	حُکُومَتیں (hukūmatẽ)
oblique	حُکُومَت (hukūmat)	حُکُومَتوں (hukūmatõ)
vocative	حُکُومَت (hukūmat)	حُکُومَتو (hukūmato)

See also

Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ح ك م (0 c, 3 e)

Further reading

• “حکومت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “حکومت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “حکومت”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “حکومت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879), “حکومت”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834), “حکومت”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC