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خندق
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Arabic
Etymology 1
An Iranian borrowing: compare Persian کندک (kandak), کنده (kanda), Old Armenian քանդակ (kʻandak) (also from Iranian).
Pronunciation
Verb
خَنْدَقَ • (ḵandaqa) Iq (non-past يُخَنْدِقُ (yuḵandiqu), verbal noun خَنْدَقَة (ḵandaqa))
Conjugation
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
خَنْدَق • (ḵandaq) m (plural خَنَادِق (ḵanādiq))
Declension
Descendants
- → Old Armenian: խանդակ (xandak)
- → Middle Armenian: խանտակ (xantak)
- → Byzantine Greek: Χάνδαξ (Khándax), Χάνδακας (Khándakas)
- → Northern Kurdish: xendek, xendeq
- → Persian: خندق (xandaq), کنده (kanda), کندک (kandak), خندک (xandak)
- → Swahili: handaki
- → Tajik: хандақ (xandaq)
- → Uzbek: xandaq
- → Uyghur: خەندەك (xendek)
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973), “խանդակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 330b
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Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian خندق (xandaq), itself from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq, “trench, moat”), ultimately from Middle Persian *handag.
Noun
خندق • (hendek) (definite accusative خندقی (hendeki), plural خنادق (henadik))
- (military) trench, a narrow excavation as used in warfare
- Synonym: سپر (siper)
- moat, fosse, a deep and defensive ditch normally filled with water
- Synonym: صو خندقی (su hendeki)
- ditch, trench, gutter, dyke, any long, shallow indentation dug to conduct water
- Synonym: آرق (ark) (irrigation ditch)
Derived terms
- برج خندقی (burc hendeki, “fosse, moat”)
- دوهیه خندق آتلاتمق (deveye hendek atlatmak, “to force an obstinate man to do a thing”, literally “to make a camel leap a ditch”)
- صو خندقی (su hendeki, “moat”)
- صولی خندق (sulu hendek, “flooded trench”)
- قورو خندق (kuru hendek, “dried ditch”)
- یول خندقی (yol hendeki, “ditch at the side of a road”)
Descendants
Proper noun
خندق • (hendek)
Descendants
- Turkish: Hendek
Further reading
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), “خندق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 714
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “hendek”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1932
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “خندق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français, Vienna: F. Beck, page 212b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “خندق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 552
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Fossa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 608
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “خندق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1951
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “hendek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2010–), “Hendek”, in Nişanyan Yeradları: Türkiye ve Çevre Ülkeler Yerleşim Birimleri Envanteri [Index Anatolicus: An inventory of place names of Turkey and surrounding countries] (in Turkish)
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “خندق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 866
- Sezen, Tahir (2017), “Hendek”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 344
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Persian
Alternative forms
- کنده (kanda), کندک (kandak), خندک (xandak)
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq), from Middle Persian *handag (whence Persian هندک (handak, “moat”)).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /xan.ˈdaq/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xæn̪.d̪æɢ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χän̪.d̪äq]
Noun
خندق • (xandaq) (plural خندقها)
Descendants
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