سفره

See also: شفرة and سفرة

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• صفره (sofra)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سفره (sofre, “tablecloth”), itself from Arabic سُفْرَة (sufra, “victuals”).

Noun

سفره • (sofra) (definite accusative سفره‌یی (sofrayı), plural سفر (sufar) or سفره‌لر (sofralar))

1. (originally) leather sheet or eating mat that can be spread on the floor to eat on and then collected
2. dining table, dinner table, a table, usually low and round, around which one eats seated on pillows

   Synonym: یمك سفره‌سی (yemek sofrası)

3. (by extension) meal set out or placed on an eating mat or on a low dining table, ready to be eaten

Derived terms

• سفره آچمق (sofra açmak, “to prepare the table”)
• سفره اوطه‌سی (sofra odası, “dining room”)
• سفره باشنه كچمك (sofra başına geçmek, “to prepare the table”)
• سفره بزی (sofra bezi, “tablecloth”)
• سفره طاشیمق (sofra taşımak, “to prepare the table”)
• سفره طاقمی (sofra takımı, “place setting”)
• سفره قالدرمق (sofra kaldırmak, “to take away the table”)
• سفره قورمق (sofra kurmak, “to prepare the table”)
• سفره قپامق (sofra kapamak, “to close the table”)
• سفره چیقارمق (sofra çıkarmak, “to serve a table of food”)
• سفره‌جی (sofracı, “butler”)
• سفره‌لق (sofralık, “anything serving for a dining-table”)
• یمك سفره‌سی (yemek sofrası, “dining table”)

Descendants

• Turkish: sofra
• → Albanian: sofër
• → Aromanian: sufrã, sofrã
• → Bulgarian: софра́ (sofrá)
• → Crimean Tatar: sofra
• → Greek: σοφράς (sofrás)
• → Laz: სოჶრა (sofra), სუჶრა (sufra) — Vitse, Akçakoca, სუჶჶა (suffa) — Lome
• → Macedonian: софра (sofra)
• → Romanian: sofra
• → Serbo-Croatian: sȍfra, sȍpra, sȍvra

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “سفره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 84
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “sofra”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4277
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “سفره”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 271a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “سفره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎ (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 681
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Mappa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1009
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “سفره”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2626
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “sofra”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “سفره”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1062

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُفْرَة (sufra, “victuals; table, especially for eating”). Displaced native خوان (xwān / xân).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /suf.ˈɾa/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊf.ɾä]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊf.ɾä]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊf.ɾä]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [suf.ɾä]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sof.ɹe]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [suf.ɾä]

Readings
Classical reading?	sufra
Dari reading?	sufra
Iranian reading?	sofre
Tajik reading?	sufra

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

سفره • (sufra / sofre) (plural سفره‌ها (sufra-hā / sofre-hâ), Tajik spelling суфра)

1. tablecloth

   Synonyms: خوان (xwān / xân), خوانپایه (xwānpāya / xânpâye)

Derived terms

• ته سفره (tah sufra / tah sofre)
• سفره عقد (sufra aqd / sofre aġd)
• سفره ماهی (sufra māhī / sofre mâhi)
• سفره‌خانه (sufra-xāna / sofre-xâne, “restaurant”)

Descendants

• → Armenian: սուփրա (supʻra)
• → Azerbaijani: süfrə
• → Central Kurdish: سفرە (sifre)
• → Georgian: სუფრა (supra)
  • → English: supra
• → Ottoman Turkish: سفره (sofra)
  • Turkish: sofra
  • → Albanian: sofër
  • → Aromanian: sufrã, sofrã
  • → Bulgarian: софра́ (sofrá)
  • → Crimean Tatar: sofra
  • → Laz: სოჶრა (sofra)
  • → Romanian: sofra
  • → Serbo-Croatian: sȍfra, sȍpra, sȍvra

References

• Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368, speculates a derivation from a stem related to beautification equivally found in نهفتن (nihuftan, “to hide”) and սուրբ (surb, “immaculate”)