چراغ

Khalaj

Noun

چِراغ (çirâğ) (definite accusative چِراغؽ, plural چِراغلار)

1. Arabic spelling of çirâğ (“lamp”)

Declension

Declension of چراغ

	singular	plural
nominative	چراغ	چراغلار
genitive	چراغؽݧ	چراغلارؽݧ
dative	چراغقا	چراغلارقا
definite accusative	چراغؽ	چراغلارؽ
locative	چراغچا	چراغلارچا
ablative	چراغدا	چراغلاردا
instrumental	چراغلا	چراغلارلا
equative	چراغوارا	چراغلاروارا

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• չիրաղ (çirağ), չէրաղ (çerağ) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Iranian Persian چراغ (čerâġ, čarâġ), itself from Parthian 𐫝𐫡𐫀𐫃 (crʾg /⁠čirāγ⁠/, “lamp”). Doublet of سراج (sirac, “lamp”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: چ‧راغ

Noun

چراغ • (çerağ or çirağ) (definite accusative چراغی (çerağı), plural چراغلر (çerağlar))

1. lamp, oil lamp, a simple vessel used to produce light continuously from a liquid fuel source

   Synonyms: سراج (sirac), قندیل (kandil), لامپه (lampa), مصباح (mısbah)

2. wick, candlewick, a bundle, twist, or braid of cord, fabric, or fibre that draws up liquid fuel

   Synonyms: سراج (sirac), فتیل (fitil)

3. light, any source of illumination, such as a candle, lightbulb, torch, lamp, streetlight, etc.

   Synonyms: آیدین (aydın), ایشق (ışık), سراج (sirac), نور (nur)

Derived terms

• چراغ پرهیز (çerağ perhiz, “lanter”)
• چراغان (çerağan, “illuminations”)
• چراغك (çerağek, “little lamp”)
• چراغپا (çerağpa, “lampstand”)

Related terms

• سراج (sirac, “oil lamp, lamp”)
• چرا (çıra, “pitch-pine wood”)
• چراق (çırak, “pensioner, apprentice”)

Descendants

• Turkish: çerağ, çirağ

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “çerağ”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 935
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “çerâg”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 188
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “چراغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎ (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 468
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Lucerna”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 975
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “چراغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1595
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “چراغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 715

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian چراغ.

Noun

چراغ • (čirā́ǧ) m (plural چراغان (čiraǧā́n))

1. candle; lamp
2. illumination

References

• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009), “چراغ”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press, page 554

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫝𐫡𐫀𐫃 (crʾg /⁠čirāγ⁠/, “lamp”). Compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (clʾγ), 𐫝𐫡𐫀𐫍 (crʾh /⁠čirāγ⁠/, “lamp”), Sogdian [script needed] (crʾʾγ /⁠čarāγ⁠/), Ossetian цырагъ (cyraǧ). Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճրագ (črag), Classical Syriac ܫܪܓܐ (šərāḡāʾ), Arabic سِرَاج (sirāj).

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *čitrás (“bright, shining”)?”

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi.ˈɾaːɣ/, /t͡ʃa.ˈɾaːɣ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪ.ɾɑːɣ], [t͡ʃʰä.ɾɑːɣ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪ.ɾɑːɣ], [t͡ʃʰä.ɾɑːɣ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪ.ɾɑːɣ], [t͡ʃʰä.ɾɑːɣ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰi.ɾɔːɣ], [t͡ʃʰä.ɾɔːɣ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰe.ɹɒːɢ̥], [t͡ʃʰæ.ɹɒːɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä.ɾɔʁ]

Readings
Classical reading?	čirāġ, čarāġ
Dari reading?	čirāġ, čarāġ
Iranian reading?	čerâġ, čarâġ
Tajik reading?	čaroġ

Dari	چراغ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	чароғ

Noun

چراغ • (čerâġ) (plural چراغ‌ها (čerâġ-hâ))

1. lamp

   Synonym: لامپ (lâmp)

2. light
3. stove

Derived terms

• چراغانی (čerâġâni)
• چراغی (čerâġi)
• چراغچی (čerâġči)
• چراغ قوه (čerâġ-qovve, “flashlight”)
• چلچراغ (čel-čerâġ, “chandelier”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: çıraq / чыраг / چیراق
• → Bengali: চেরাগ (cerag)
• → Georgian: ჩირაღი (čiraɣi)
• → Gujarati: ચિરાગ (cirāg)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: चिराग़ (cirāġ)

  Urdu: چراغ (cirāġ)

• → Kazakh: шырақ (şyraq)
• → Khalaj: çirâğ
• → Ossetian: цырагъ (cyraǧ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: چراغ (çerâg, çirâg), چراق (çırak)
  • Turkish: çırak
  • → Albanian: çirak
  • →⇒ Egyptian Arabic: إشراقة (išrāqa), أشراقة (ašrāqa)
  • → Armenian: չրախ (čʻrax), չրաղ (čʻraġ)
  • → Aromanian: cirac, cireac
  • → Bulgarian: чира́к (čirák)
  • → Crimean Tatar: şıraq
  • → Greek: τσιράκι (tsiráki)
  • → Macedonian: чирак (čirak)
  • → Romanian: cirac
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: чѝрак

    Latin script: čìrak

• → Uzbek: chiroq
• → Uyghur: چىراق (chiraq)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian چراغ (čirâġ, čarâġ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃə.ɾɑːɣ/, /t͡ʃɪ.ɾɑːɣ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɣ
• Hyphenation: چ‧راغ

Noun

چِراغ or چَراغ • (cirāġ or carāġ) m (Hindi spelling चिराग़ or चराग़)

1. lamp
2. light

Declension

Declension of چراغ

	singular	plural
direct	چراغ (cirāġ)	چراغ (cirāġ)
oblique	چراغ (cirāġ)	چراغوں (cirāġõ)
vocative	چراغ (cirāġ)	چراغو (cirāġo)

Synonyms

• دیا (diyā)
• دیپ (dīp)
• دیپک (dīpak)
• دیپکا (dīpikā)