کشور

See also: كسور

Mazanderani

Noun

کشور (transliteration needed)

1. country

Pashto

Noun

کشور • (kišwár) m

1. land, region, territory, country

Declension

Declension of کشور

	singular	plural
direct	کشور (kišwár)	کشورونه (kišwáruna)
oblique	کشور (kišwár)	کشورونو (kišwáruno)
vocative	کشوره (kišwára)	کشورونو (kišwáruno)

References

• “کشور”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009), “کشور”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

کشور

Wikipedia ^fa

Regional synonyms of "country"

Dari	کشور
Iranian Persian
Tajik	мамлакат

Alternative forms

• کشکر (keškar) (dialectical, obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥 (kišvar), from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀 (karšvar, “realm, region; one of the seven realms of the world”), from the root 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀 (karš-, “to plough”) (the same root as کشیدن (kašidan, “to pull, draw, stretch”), hence "a tract of land bordered by a ploughed line".

The term, a Middle Persian ecclesiastical borrowing from Avestan, originally referred to the "seven realms of the (known) world" to the ancient Iranic people, which was virtually only the ancient Indo-Iranian world of Inner Asia. With the expansion of knowledge of the world during the Middle Iranian era, the term expanded to refer to more broader regions. With the secularization of the term following the rise of Islam in Persia, it came to refer to realms, countries, or territories more generally.

Compare Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر (kîşwer, “continent”), Sogdian 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫛 (kyšp /⁠kišp⁠/, “country”), and Parthian [script needed] (kišfar).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /kiʃ.ˈwaɾ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɪʃ.wáɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɪʃ.wáɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰɪʃ.wáɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰiʃ.wáɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲeʃ.vǽɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰiʃ.váɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	kišwar
Dari reading?	kišwar
Iranian reading?	kešvar
Tajik reading?	kišvar

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

کشور • (kišwar / kešvar) (plural کشورها (kišwar-hā / kešvar-hâ), Tajik spelling кишвар)

1. country
2. realm, region; land, soil
3. kingdom; territory
4. homeland, fatherland, motherland

Inflection

Basic forms of کشور

	singular	plural
bare	کشور (kešvar)	کشورها، کشورا△ (kešvar-hấ, kešvarấ△)
definitive direct object	کشور را، کشور رو△ (kešvar râ, kešvaro△)	کشورها را، کشورا رو△ (kešvar-hấ râ, kešvarấ ro△)
ezâfe	کشور (kešvar-e)	کشورهای، کشورای△ (kešvar-hấ-ye, kešvarấ-ye△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	کشوری (kešvar-i)	کشورهایی، کشورایی△ (kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i, kešvarấi△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• هفت کشور (haft-kešvar, “the seven realms”)

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشور (kišwar, “realm, region; country; kingdom, territory; clime”).

Cognate Pashto کشور (kišwár), Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر (kîşwer, “continent”), and Sogdian [script needed] (kyšp /⁠kišp⁠/, “country”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kɪʃ.ʋəɾ/

Noun

کِشْوَر • (kiśvar) m (Hindi spelling किशवर)

1. country
2. realm, region
3. climate, clime

Declension

Declension of کشور

	singular	plural
direct	کشور (kiśvar)	کشور (kiśvar)
oblique	کشور (kiśvar)	کشوروں (kiśvarõ)
vocative	کشور (kiśvar)	کشورو (kiśvaro)

Derived terms

• کِشْوَر آرا (kiśvar ārā)
• کِشْوَر سِتانی (kišvar-sitānī)
• کِشْوَر سِتاں (kišvar-sitā)
• کِشْوَر کُشا (kišvar-kušā, “conqueor”)
• کِشْوَر کُشائی (kišvar-kušā'ī, “conquest”)
• کِشْوَر گِیر (kišvar-gīr)
• ہَفت کِشوَر (haft-kišvar, “the seven realms; the world”)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit किशोर (kiśora).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kɪ.ʃoːɾ/

Noun

کِشور • (kiśor) m (Hindi spelling किशोर)

1. boy
2. lad
3. a youth
4. (law) minor

Declension

Declension of کشور

	singular	plural
direct	کشور (kiśor)	کشور (kiśor)
oblique	کشور (kiśor)	کشوروں (kiśorõ)
vocative	کشور (kiśor)	کشورو (kiśoro)

Related terms

• کشورا

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit क्षौर (kṣaura).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kʃɔːɾ/

Noun

کْشور • (kśor) m (Hindi spelling क्षौर)

1. shaving
2. barbershop

Related terms

• کشورک
• کشوری