जन्म

See also: जनम

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जन्म (janma).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒən.mᵊ/, [d͡ʒɐ̃n.mᵊ], /d͡ʒə.nəm/, [d͡ʒɐ.nɐ̃m]

Noun

जन्म • (janma) m (Urdu spelling جنم)

1. birth
2. existence, life

Declension

Declension of जन्म (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	जन्म janma	जन्म janma
oblique	जन्म janma	जन्मों janmõ
vocative	जन्म janma	जन्मो janmo

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जन्म (janma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʑən.mə/
• Hyphenation: जन्‧म, जन्म

Noun

जन्म • (janma) m

1. birth
2. existence, life

Declension

Declension of जन्म (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	जन्म janma
direct plural	जन्म janma
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	जन्म janma		जन्म janma
oblique सामान्यरूप	जन्मा janmā		जन्मां- janmān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	जन्माला janmālā		जन्मांना janmānnā
ergative	जन्माने, जन्मानं janmāne, janmāna		जन्मांनी janmānnī
instrumental	जन्माशी janmāśī		जन्मांशी janmānśī
locative सप्तमी	जन्मात janmāt		जन्मांत janmāt
vocative संबोधन	जन्मा janmā		जन्मांनो janmānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of जन्म (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	जन्माचा janmāċā	जन्माचे janmāċe	जन्माची janmācī	जन्माच्या janmācā	जन्माचे, जन्माचं janmāċe, janmāċa	जन्माची janmācī	जन्माच्या janmācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	जन्मांचा janmānċā	जन्मांचे janmānċe	जन्मांची janmāñcī	जन्मांच्या janmāncā	जन्मांचे, जन्मांचं janmānċe, janmānċa	जन्मांची janmāñcī	जन्मांच्या janmāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• जन्मखूण (janmakhūṇ, “birthmark”)
• जन्मठेप (janmaṭhep, “life imprisonment”)
• जन्मभूमी (janmabhūmī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জন্ম (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬦ᭄ᬫ (Balinese script)
• জন্ম (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰡𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀦𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဇန္မ (Burmese script)
• જન્મ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਨ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌨𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦤ꧀ꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂢𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಜನ್ಮ (Kannada script)
• ជន្ម (Khmer script)
• ຊນ຺ມ (Lao script)
• ജന്മ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᠨᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘡𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᠨᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧁𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଜନ୍ମ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢥ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆤𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖡𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ජන‍්ම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩯 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚝𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
• ஜந்ம (Tamil script)
• జన్మ (Telugu script)
• ชนฺม (Thai script)
• ཛ་ནྨ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒢𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨝𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root जन् (jan). See जनति (janati) for cognates.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́n.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐn̪.mɐ/

Noun

जन्म • (jánma) stem, n

1. nominative singular of जन्मन् (jánman)

Descendants

• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਮਣ (jammaṇ)

      Shahmukhi script: جَمَّݨ (jammaṇ)

• → Bengali: জন্ম (jonmo)
• → Bengali: জনম (jonom) (semi-learned)
• → Gujarati: જન્મ (janma)
• → Hindi: जन्म (janma)
• → Javanese: ꦗꦤ꧀ꦩ (janma)
• → Magahi: 𑂔𑂢𑂹𑂧 (janm)
• → Marathi: (janma)

  Devanagari script: जन्म

  Modi script: 𑘕𑘡𑘿𑘦

• → Malay: jelma

  → Indonesian: jelma

• → Old Sundanese: janma

  → Sundanese: jalma, jelema

• Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਜਨਮ (janam)
  • Shahmukhi script: جَنَم (janam)
• Sindhi:
  • Arabic script: جَنۡمُ
  • Devanagari script: जन्मु
• → Tamil: ஜன்மம் (jaṉmam)
• → Telugu: జన్మము (janmamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “जन्म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0411.