स

See also: म, स़, से, सु-, and स-

स U+0938, स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA ← ष [U+0937] Devanagari ह → [U+0939]

Translingual

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə/ (may vary by language)

Letter

स (sa)

1. the third sibilant of the Devanagari script

Usage notes

• Linguistically it is considered an alveolar sibilant.

See also

Ligatures:

• स्त्र (stra): स + त + र

Dhivehi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [s̺ə] (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Letter

स • (sa)

1. The seventeenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sə/, [sɐ]

Letter

स • (sa)

1. the thirty-second consonant in Hindi
2. (music) the first note of the Hindi musical scale

See also

• Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़ ^[edit]

Konkani

Alternative forms

• सो (so)

Etymology

From Sanskrit षष् (ṣáṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs (“six”). Cognate with Hindi छह (chah), Marathi सहा (sahā).

Numeral

स • (sa/so) (Latin script sov, Kannada script ಸ)

1. six

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

स • (sa)

1. The thirty-first consonant in Marathi.

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: स

Letter

स • (sa)

1. The thirty-second consonant in Nepali.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• sa (Latin script)
• 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• স (Bengali script)
• ස (Sinhalese script)
• သ (Burmese script)
• ส or สะ (Thai script)
• ᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ສ or ສະ (Lao script)
• ស (Khmer script)
• 𑄥 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• so (Latin script)
• 𑀲𑁄 (Brahmi script)
• सो (Devanagari script)
• সো (Bengali script)
• සො (Sinhalese script)
• သော or သေႃ (Burmese script)
• โส (Thai script)
• ᩈᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
• ໂສ (Lao script)
• សោ (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄮 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

स (sa)

1. Devanagari script form of sa

Adjective

स (sa)

1. Devanagari script form of sa, which is masculine nominative singular of त (ta, “that”)

Noun

स (sa)

1. Devanagari script form of sa, which is vocative singular of सन् (san, “dog”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স (Assamese script)
• ᬲ (Balinese script)
• স (Bengali script)
• 𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• သ (Burmese script)
• સ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ (Kannada script)
• ស (Khmer script)
• ສ (Lao script)
• സ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳 (Newa script)
• ସ (Odia script)
• ꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭 (Siddham script)
• ස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨 (Takri script)
• ஸ (Tamil script)
• స (Telugu script)
• ส (Thai script)
• ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ/, /sɐ́/

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐ/

Etymology 1

Letter

स • (sa)

1. the thirty-second consonant in Sanskrit

   Synonym: सकार (sakāra)

2. the last of the three sibilants

See also

• Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ॠ, ऌ, ॡ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, ऽ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, ळ, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष ^[edit]

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, from Proto-Indo-European *só. See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

स • (sá) m

1. masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); he, it, that

Determiner

स • (sá) m

1. masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); that one

Etymology 3

Noun

स • (sá) stem, ?

1. (prosody) an anapest

Etymology 4

Noun

स • (sá) stem, ?

1. (music) abbreviation of षड्ज (ṣaḍ-ja)

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

स • (sá) stem, m

1. a snake
2. air, wind
3. a bird
4. name of Vishnu or Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सः (sáḥ)	सौ (sáu) सा¹ (sā́¹)	साः (sā́ḥ) सासः¹ (sā́saḥ¹)
accusative	सम् (sám)	सौ (sáu) सा¹ (sā́¹)	सान् (sā́n)
instrumental	सेन (séna)	साभ्याम् (sā́bhyām)	सैः (sáiḥ) सेभिः¹ (sébhiḥ¹)
dative	साय (sā́ya)	साभ्याम् (sā́bhyām)	सेभ्यः (sébhyaḥ)
ablative	सात् (sā́t)	साभ्याम् (sā́bhyām)	सेभ्यः (sébhyaḥ)
genitive	सस्य (sásya)	सयोः (sáyoḥ)	सानाम् (sā́nām)
locative	से (sé)	सयोः (sáyoḥ)	सेषु (séṣu)
vocative	स (sá)	सौ (sáu) सा¹ (sā́¹)	साः (sā́ḥ) सासः¹ (sā́saḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

स • (sa) stem, n

1. knowledge
2. meditation
3. a carriage road
4. a fence

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of स

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सम् (sám)	से (sé)	सानि (sā́ni) सा¹ (sā́¹)
accusative	सम् (sám)	से (sé)	सानि (sā́ni) सा¹ (sā́¹)
instrumental	सेन (séna)	साभ्याम् (sā́bhyām)	सैः (sáiḥ) सेभिः¹ (sébhiḥ¹)
dative	साय (sā́ya)	साभ्याम् (sā́bhyām)	सेभ्यः (sébhyaḥ)
ablative	सात् (sā́t)	साभ्याम् (sā́bhyām)	सेभ्यः (sébhyaḥ)
genitive	सस्य (sásya)	सयोः (sáyoḥ)	सानाम् (sā́nām)
locative	से (sé)	सयोः (sáyoḥ)	सेषु (séṣu)
vocative	स (sá)	से (sé)	सानि (sā́ni) सा¹ (sā́¹)

• ¹Vedic

Etymology 6

From the root सन् (san).

Adjective

स • (sá) stem (root सन्)

1. (at the end of a compound) procuring, bestowing

   पशुष (paśu-ṣá) — bestowing cattle

   प्रियस (priyá-sá) — granting desired objects

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “स”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1111, column 2.