ἰδιώτης

See also: ιδιώτης

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἴδιος (ídios, “one's own, private”) +‎ -ώτης (-ṓtēs).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /i.di.ɔ̌ː.tɛːs/ → /i.ðiˈo.tis/ → /i.ðiˈo.tis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.di.ɔ̌ː.tɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /i.diˈo.te̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /i.ðiˈo.tis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /i.ðiˈo.tis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.ðiˈo.tis/

Noun

ῐ̓δῐώτης • (ĭdĭṓtēs) m (genitive ῐ̓δῐώτου); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)

1. a private person, one not engaged in public affairs
   1. a private soldier, as opposed to a general
2. (adjectival use) private, homely
3. commoner, plebeian
4. uneducated person, layman, amateur
5. one who is not in the know, an outsider
6. an ignorant or illiterate person
7. one who is awkward, clumsy
8. (in the plural) one's countrymen

Inflection

First declension of ὁ ῐ̓δῐώτης; τοῦ ῐ̓δῐώτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ῐ̓δῐώτης ho ĭdĭṓtēs	τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ tṑ ĭdĭṓtā	οἱ ῐ̓δῐῶται hoi ĭdĭôtai
Genitive	τοῦ ῐ̓δῐώτου toû ĭdĭṓtou	τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν toîn ĭdĭṓtain	τῶν ῐ̓δῐωτῶν tôn ĭdĭōtôn
Dative	τῷ ῐ̓δῐώτῃ tōî ĭdĭṓtēi	τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν toîn ĭdĭṓtain	τοῖς ῐ̓δῐώταις toîs ĭdĭṓtais
Accusative	τὸν ῐ̓δῐώτην tòn ĭdĭṓtēn	τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ tṑ ĭdĭṓtā	τοὺς ῐ̓δῐώτᾱς toùs ĭdĭṓtās
Vocative	ῐ̓δῐῶτᾰ ĭdĭôtă	ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ ĭdĭṓtā	ῐ̓δῐῶται ĭdĭôtai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ὁ ῐ̓δῐώτης; τοῦ ῐ̓δῐώτεω (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ῐ̓δῐώτης ho ĭdĭṓtēs	τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ tṑ ĭdĭṓtā	οἱ ῐ̓δῐῶται hoi ĭdĭôtai
Genitive	τοῦ ῐ̓δῐώτεω / ῐ̓δῐώτω toû ĭdĭṓteō / ĭdĭṓtō	τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν toîn ĭdĭṓtain	τῶν ῐ̓δῐωτέων / ῐ̓δῐωτῶν tôn ĭdĭōtéōn / ĭdĭōtôn
Dative	τῷ ῐ̓δῐώτῃ tōî ĭdĭṓtēi	τοῖν ῐ̓δῐώταιν toîn ĭdĭṓtain	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ῐ̓δῐώτῃσῐ / ῐ̓δῐώτῃσῐν toîsĭ(n) ĭdĭṓtēisĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ῐ̓δῐώτην tòn ĭdĭṓtēn	τὼ ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ tṑ ĭdĭṓtā	τοὺς ῐ̓δῐώτᾱς toùs ĭdĭṓtās
Vocative	ῐ̓δῐῶτᾰ ĭdĭôtă	ῐ̓δῐώτᾱ ĭdĭṓtā	ῐ̓δῐῶται ĭdĭôtai
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: ιδιώτης m (idiótis)
• → Hebrew: הֶדְיוֹט m (hedyóṭ)
• → Latin: idiōta m
  • → Danish: idiot
  • → Dutch: idioot
  • → English: idiot
  • → French: idiot m
  • → Georgian: იდიოტი (idioṭi)
  • → German: Idiot m
  • → Hebrew: אִידִיוֹט m (idyóṭ)
  • → Italian: idiota m
  • → Portuguese: idiota m or f
  • → Romanian: idiot m
  • → Russian: идио́т m (idiót)
  • → Spanish: idiota m or f
  • → Swedish: idiot

References

• “ἰδιώτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἰδιώτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἰδιώτης in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G2399 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • amateur idem, page 26.
  • dabbler idem, page 193.
  • dilettante idem, page 224.
  • individual idem, page 434.
  • layman idem, page 481.
  • person idem, page 608.
  • private idem, page 642.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN