ῥίζα

See also: ρίζα and ριζά

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• βρίζα (bríza) — Aeolic
• ῥίζη (rhízē) — Ionic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”). Compare ῥάδιξ (rhádix). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀹𐀪𐀼 (wi-ri-za), Latin radix (“root”), Latin ramus (“branch”), Old Norse rót (“root”) (English root), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (waurts), Old English wyrt (“herb, plant”) (English wort), Old Irish fren (“root”), and possibly Tocharian B witsako (“root”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /r̥íz.da/ → /ˈri.za/ → /ˈri.za/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥íz.da/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/

Noun

ῥῐ́ζᾰ • (rhĭ́ză) f (genitive ῥῐ́ζης); first declension

1. root (of a plant)
2. source
3. base, foundation
4. stock, family, race

Declension

First declension of ἡ ῥῐ́ζᾰ; τῆς ῥῐ́ζης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥῐ́ζᾰ hē rhĭ́ză	τὼ ῥῐ́ζᾱ tṑ rhĭ́zā	αἱ ῥῐ́ζαι hai rhĭ́zai
Genitive	τῆς ῥῐ́ζης tês rhĭ́zēs	τοῖν ῥῐ́ζαιν toîn rhĭ́zain	τῶν ῥῐζῶν tôn rhĭzôn
Dative	τῇ ῥῐ́ζῃ tēî rhĭ́zēi	τοῖν ῥῐ́ζαιν toîn rhĭ́zain	ταῖς ῥῐ́ζαις taîs rhĭ́zais
Accusative	τὴν ῥῐ́ζᾰν tḕn rhĭ́zăn	τὼ ῥῐ́ζᾱ tṑ rhĭ́zā	τᾱ̀ς ῥῐ́ζᾱς tā̀s rhĭ́zās
Vocative	ῥῐ́ζᾰ rhĭ́ză	ῥῐ́ζᾱ rhĭ́zā	ῥῐ́ζαι rhĭ́zai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀργῠρόρῐζος (argŭrórĭzos)
• γλυκύρριζα (glukúrrhiza)
• ῥιζικός (rhizikós)
• ῥίζινος (rhízinos)

Descendants

• Greek: ρίζα (ríza)
• Mariupol Greek: ри́за (ríza)
• Tsakonian: σχίντα (schínta)
• → English: rhizo- (learned)
• → Ossetian: уырыдзы (wyryʒy)

Further reading

• “ῥίζα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ῥίζα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ῥίζα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ῥίζα in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ῥίζα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ῥίζα”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G4491 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • base idem, page 64.
  • cause idem, page 118.
  • element idem, page 265.
  • family idem, page 305.
  • foot idem, page 333.
  • foundation idem, page 341.
  • line idem, page 492.
  • origin idem, page 579.
  • race idem, page 667.
  • root idem, page 721.
  • seed idem, page 749.
  • source idem, page 797.
  • spring idem, page 805.
  • starting point idem, page 812.
  • stem idem, page 815.
  • stock idem, page 818.
• ῥίζα, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011