Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
九
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Remove ads
|
|
|
Translingual
Han character
九 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN), four-corner 40017, composition ⿻㇓㇈)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 167
- Dae Jaweon: page 168, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 48, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E5D
Remove ads
Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手 (shǒu), 寸 (cùn). The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu3
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiù
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jiǔ
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җю (ži͡u, II)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau2
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gaau2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): giu2
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): gieu2
- Gan (Wiktionary): jiu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jiou2
- Northern Min (KCR): giǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gāu / giū
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gao3 / giu3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5cieu / 5ciu / 3cieu / 3ciou / 1cieu / 3cio
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
- Wade–Giles: chiu3
- Yale: jyǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
- Palladius: цзю (czju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jiù
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɤu⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: jiǔ
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiəɯ¹¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җю (ži͡u, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gau2
- Yale: gáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: gau2
- Guangdong Romanization: geo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: gaau2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: giu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu⁵⁵/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: gieu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɛu²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú
- Hakka Romanization System: giuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giu3
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giuˊ
- Sinological IPA: /kiu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jiou2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gāu / giū
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau³³/, /kieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gāu - vernacular;
- giū - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gao3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gâu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gao3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: giu3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giû
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: giu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu³³²/
- (Putian)
- gao3 - vernacular;
- giu3 - literary.
- káu - vernacular;
- kiú - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gao2 / giu2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káu / kiú
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁵²/, /kiu⁵²/
- (Teochew)
- gao2 - vernacular;
- giu2 - literary.
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 5cieu
- MiniDict: cieu去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2jieu
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ³⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading)
- (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Yixing, Jingjiang, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 3cieu
- MiniDict: cieu上
- MiniDict: ciu上
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ciɯ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕiɵ⁴²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /t͡ɕiɤ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Yixing): /t͡ɕiəu⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /t͡ɕiʏ³⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕiəu⁴³³/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡ɕiəɯ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡ɕiɤɯ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡ɕiɤ³⁴³/
- Sinological IPA (Deqing): /t͡ɕiʏ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiø⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiɤ³³⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiʏ³²⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiu³⁵/
- (Northern: Changzhou)
- (Northern: Cixi)
- (Northern: Xiaoshan)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jiou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: kjuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kuʔ/
Definitions
九
- nine
- 九九八十一。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: “The Mnemonic of Multiplication”
- Jiǔ jiǔ bāshíyī. [Pinyin]
- Nine times nine is eighty-one.
- (figurative) many
- 九曲黃河萬里沙,浪淘風簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 822?, Liu Yuxi, “Ripples Sifting Sand”
- Jiǔ qū huánghé wàn lǐ shā, làng táo fēng bò zì tiānyá. [Pinyin]
- The Yellow River with its many twists and turns flows thousands of miles full of sand / Carried by its waves stirred up by the wind coming from a faraway land.
九曲黄河万里沙,浪淘风簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice
- 一九二九不出手,三九四九冰上走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: “The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song
- Yī jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔ sì jiǔ bīng shàng zǒu. [Pinyin]
- In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.
- (Cantonese, minced oath, euphemistic) Synonym of 㞗 (gau1, “penis”)
See also
- 勾 (gōu) (in radio communications)
Compounds
- 一一九
- 一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ)
- 一歲九遷 / 一岁九迁
- 一禾九穗 (yīhéjiǔsuì)
- 一言九鼎 (yīyánjiǔdǐng)
- 七返九還 / 七返九还
- 七零九 (Qīlíngjiǔ)
- 七零九所 (Qīlíngjiǔsuǒ)
- 上九
- 下九
- 三九天
- 三六九等 (sānliùjiǔděng)
- 三回九曲
- 三回九轉 / 三回九转
- 三教九流 (sānjiàojiǔliú)
- 三槐九棘
- 三等九格
- 三貞九烈 / 三贞九烈
- 三跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu)
- 三部九候
- 中九
- 九一八事變 / 九一八事变 (Jiǔ-Yībā Shìbiàn)
- 九一四
- 九七大限
- 九七期限
- 九丘
- 九世之仇 (jiǔshìzhīchóu)
- 九九 (jiǔjiǔ)
- 九九歸一 / 九九归一
- 九九歸原 / 九九归原
- 九九登高
- 九五 (jiǔwǔ)
- 九五之位
- 九五之尊 (jiǔwǔzhīzūn)
- 九份 (Jiǔfèn)
- 九佐
- 九冬
- 九分
- 九刑
- 九功
- 九勢 / 九势
- 九卿 (Jiǔqīng)
- 九原
- 九原可作
- 九合 (jiūhé)
- 九合一匡
- 九吊六的
- 九命
- 九命奇冤
- 九品 (jiǔpǐn)
- 九品中正 (jiǔpǐn zhōngzhèng)
- 九品詞 / 九品词
- 九國公約 / 九国公约
- 九土
- 九地
- 九垓
- 九夏
- 九大行星
- 九天 (Jiǔtiān)
- 九天仙女
- 九天玄女
- 九如 (Jiǔrú)
- 九如鄉 / 九如乡
- 九姻
- 九嬪 / 九嫔
- 九子母
- 九孔 (jiǔkǒng)
- 九官鳥 / 九官鸟 (jiǔguānniǎo)
- 九宮 / 九宫
- 九宮格 / 九宫格 (jiǔgōnggé)
- 九尾狐 (jiǔwěihú)
- 九尾龜 / 九尾龟
- 九層塔 / 九层塔 (jiǔcéngtǎ)
- 九嶷山 (Jiǔyíshān)
- 九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
- 九幽
- 九思
- 九懷 / 九怀
- 九成 (jiǔchéng)
- 九成九 (jiǔchéngjiǔ)
- 九成宮 / 九成宫
- 九折臂
- 九故十親 / 九故十亲
- 九數 / 九数
- 九方
- 九方皋
- 九族 (jiǔzú)
- 九旒
- 九日 (jiǔrì)
- 九春
- 九曜
- 九曲洞
- 九更天
- 九有
- 九服
- 九朽一罷 / 九朽一罢
- 九歌
- 九歎 / 九叹
- 九歸 / 九归 (jiǔguī)
- 九死
- 九死一生 (jiǔsǐyīshēng)
- 九死不悔
- 九江 (Jiǔjiāng)
- 九江市
- 九泉 (jiǔquán)
- 九流 (jiǔliú)
- 九流三教 (jiǔliúsānjiào)
- 九流十家
- 九流百家
- 九淵 / 九渊
- 九湖 (Jiǔhú)
- 九渡河 (Jiǔdùhé)
- 九烏 / 九乌 (jiǔwū)
- 九烈三貞 / 九烈三贞
- 九煉成鋼 / 九炼成钢
- 九牛一毛 (jiǔniúyīmáo)
- 九牛毛
- 九牧
- 九畹溪 (Jiǔwǎnxī)
- 九疇 / 九畴
- 九疊篆 / 九叠篆
- 九疑山 (Jiǔyíshān)
- 九百
- 九皋
- 九眷
- 九禮 / 九礼
- 九秋
- 九穀 / 九谷
- 九竅 / 九窍
- 九節鞭 / 九节鞭
- 九經 / 九经 (Jiǔjīng)
- 九經字樣 / 九经字样
- 九罭
- 九老會 / 九老会
- 九聲 / 九声
- 九芎
- 九花 (jiǔhuā)
- 九華 / 九华
- 九華山 / 九华山 (Jiǔhuá Shān)
- 九華帳 / 九华帐 (jiǔhuázhàng)
- 九蓮燈 / 九莲灯
- 九衢
- 九親 / 九亲
- 九譯 / 九译
- 九賓 / 九宾
- 九轉丹 / 九转丹
- 九轉金丹 / 九转金丹
- 九辯 / 九辩
- 九迴腸 / 九回肠
- 九通
- 九連環 / 九连环 (jiǔliánhuán)
- 九道 (Jiǔdào)
- 九還丹 / 九还丹
- 九里 (Jiǔlǐ)
- 九重 (jiǔchóng)
- 九重天 (jiǔchóngtiān)
- 九重葛
- 九重霄
- 九野
- 九針 / 九针
- 九錫 / 九锡
- 九門 / 九门
- 九間房 / 九间房 (Jiǔjiānfáng)
- 九閽 / 九阍
- 九集 (Jiǔjí)
- 九霄 (jiǔxiāo)
- 九霄雲外 / 九霄云外 (jiǔxiāoyúnwài)
- 九音鑼 / 九音锣
- 九章
- 九章律
- 九章算術 / 九章算术
- 九頭鳥 / 九头鸟
- 九香蟲 / 九香虫
- 九鼎 (jiǔdǐng)
- 九鼎大呂 / 九鼎大吕
- 九龍 / 九龙 (jiǔlóng)
- 九龍半島 / 九龙半岛 (Jiǔlóng Bàndǎo)
- 九龍壁 / 九龙壁
- 九龍杯 / 九龙杯
- 五九國恥 / 五九国耻
- 八九
- 八九分
- 八九分人
- 八病九痛
- 八索九丘
- 八花九裂
- 劉九兒 / 刘九儿
- 力濟九區 / 力济九区
- 北九州 (Běijiǔzhōu)
- 十中八九
- 十之八九 (shízhībājiǔ)
- 十八九
- 十室九空 (shíshìjiǔkōng)
- 十拿九穩 / 十拿九稳 (shínájiǔwěn)
- 十捉九著
- 十死九生
- 十清九濁 / 十清九浊
- 十生九死
- 十病九痛
- 十米九糠
- 十羊九牧
- 十親九故 / 十亲九故
- 十賭九輸 / 十赌九输 (shídǔjiǔshū)
- 十轉九空 / 十转九空
- 回九
- 回腸九回 / 回肠九回
- 天九 (tiānjiǔ)
- 天保九如
- 夷九族
- 小九九 (xiǎojiǔjiǔ)
- 小加九
- 屏風九疊 / 屏风九叠
- 廣九鐵路 / 广九铁路
- 張九齡 / 张九龄
- 愁腸九轉 / 愁肠九转
- 接三換九 / 接三换九
- 推牌九 (tuī páijiǔ)
- 搬九
- 數九 / 数九
- 數九天 / 数九天
- 易堂九子
- 暗九 (ànjiǔ)
- 東北九省 / 东北九省
- 深居九重 (shēn jū jiǔchóng)
- 港九 (Gǎng-Jiǔ)
- 燕九節 / 燕九节
- 牌九 (páijiǔ)
- 牢九
- 視窗九五 / 视窗九五
- 窮九 / 穷九
- 第九藝術 / 第九艺术
- 簫韶九成 / 箫韶九成
- 老九
- 耕九餘三 / 耕九余三
- 舉十知九 / 举十知九
- 言十妄九
- 重九 (Chóngjiǔ)
- 重九登高
- 陸九淵 / 陆九渊
- 陸九齡 / 陆九龄
- 陽九 / 阳九
- 陽九之會 / 阳九之会
- 陽九之阨 / 阳九之阨
- 雙九 / 双九
- 風魔九伯 / 风魔九伯
- 魄散九霄
- 鶴鳴九皋 / 鹤鸣九皋
- 齊煙九點 / 齐烟九点
- 龍生九子 / 龙生九子
Descendants
Others:
- → Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (“nine”)
- Northern Tai:
- Central Tai:
- Wenma-Southwestern Tai:
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 九 – see 鳩 (“to gather; to assemble”). (This character is an obsolete form of 鳩). |
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 九 – see 糾 (“to gather, assemble”). (This character is an obsolete form of 糾). |
Remove ads
Japanese
Korean
Vietnamese
Zhuang
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads