聞く
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu).[1][2] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.
In the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
聞く | きく | [kìkú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 聞け | きけ | [kìké] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 聞かれる | きかれる | [kìkárérú] |
Causative | 聞かせる | きかせる | [kìkásérú] |
Potential | 聞ける | きける | [kìkérú] |
Volitional | 聞こう | きこー | [kìkóꜜò] |
Negative | 聞かない | きかない | [kìkánáí] |
Negative perfective | 聞かなかった | きかなかった | [kìkánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 聞きます | ききます | [kìkímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 聞いた | きいた | [kìítá] |
Conjunctive | 聞いて | きいて | [kìíté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 聞けば | きけば | [kìkéꜜbà] |
聞く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞き (kiki), past 聞いた (kiita))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 聞く |
mediopassive | 聞こえる |
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 聞か | きか | kika |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 聞き | きき | kiki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 聞かれる | きかれる | kikareru |
Causative | 聞かせる 聞かす |
きかせる きかす |
kikaseru kikasu |
Potential | 聞ける | きける | kikeru |
Volitional | 聞こう | きこう | kikō |
Negative | 聞かない | きかない | kikanai |
Negative continuative | 聞かず | きかず | kikazu |
Formal | 聞きます | ききます | kikimasu |
Perfective | 聞いた | きいた | kiita |
Conjunctive | 聞いて | きいて | kiite |
Hypothetical conditional | 聞けば | きけば | kikeba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 聞か | きか | kika |
Continuative (連用形) | 聞き | きき | kiki |
Terminal (終止形) | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Attributive (連体形) | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Realis (已然形) | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Imperative (命令形) | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 聞かず | きかず | kikazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 聞けど | きけど | kikedo |
Causal conjunction | 聞けば | きけば | kikeba |
Conditional conjunction | 聞かば | きかば | kikaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 聞きき | ききき | kikiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 聞きけり | ききけり | kikikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 聞きつ | ききつ | kikitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 聞きぬ | ききぬ | kikinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 聞けり 聞きたり | きけり ききたり | kikeri kikitari |
Volitional | 聞かむ | きかむ | kikamu |
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