작다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쟉〯다〮 (Yale: cyǎk-tá). Ablaut form: 적다 (jeokda, “to be few”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)k̚t͈a̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [작(ː)따]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jagda
McCune–Reischauer?	chakta
Yale Romanization?	cākta

Adjective

작다 • (jakda) (infinitive 작아, sequential 작으니)

1. to be small

   Antonym: 크다 (keuda)

   그는 키가 작다. ― Geu-neun ki-ga jakda. ― He is short.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 작다 (jakda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	작다 jakda	작아 jaga	작아요 jagayo	작습니다 jakseumnida
	Past	작았다 jagatda	작았어 jagasseo	작았어요 jagasseoyo	작았습니다 jagatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	작으냐 jageunya	작아 jaga	작아요 jagayo	작습니까 jakseumnikka
	Past	작았냐 jagannya	작았어 jagasseo	작았어요 jagasseoyo	작았습니까 jagatseumnikka
Assertive		작겠다 jakgetda	작겠어 jakgesseo	작겠어요 jakgesseoyo	작겠습니다 jakgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		작아 jaga	작아서 jagaseo	작으니 jageuni	작으니까 jageunikka
Contrast		작지만 jakjiman	작은데 jageunde	작더니 jakdeoni
Conjunction		작고 jakgo
Condition		작으면 jageumyeon	작아야 jagaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		작음 jageum	작기 jakgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		작았음 jagasseum	작았기 jagatgi
Determiners	Present		작은 jageun
	Future		작을 jageul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	작으시다 jageusida	작으셔 jageusyeo	작으세요, 작으셔요 jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo	작으십니다 jageusimnida
	Past	작으셨다 jageusyeotda	작으셨어 jageusyeosseo	작으셨어요 jageusyeosseoyo	작으셨습니다 jageusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	작으시냐 jageusinya	작으셔 jageusyeo	작으세요, 작으셔요 jageuseyo, jageusyeoyo	작으십니까 jageusimnikka
	Past	작으셨냐 jageusyeonnya	작으셨어 jageusyeosseo	작으셨어요 jageusyeosseoyo	작으셨습니까 jageusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		작으시겠다 jageusigetda	작으시겠어 jageusigesseo	작으시겠어요 jageusigesseoyo	작으시겠습니다 jageusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		작으셔 jageusyeo	작으셔서 jageusyeoseo	작으시니 jageusini	작으시니까 jageusinikka
Contrast		작으시지만 jageusijiman	작으신데 jageusinde	작으시더니 jageusideoni
Conjunction		작으시고 jageusigo
Condition		작으시면 jageusimyeon	작으셔야 jageusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		작으심 jageusim	작으시기 jageusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		작으셨음 jageusyeosseum	작으셨기 jageusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		작으신 jageusin
	Future		작으실 jageusil